Riedel's thyroiditis other diagnostic studies
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Other diagnostic studies for Riedel's thyroiditis include pathological analysis, which demonstrates inflammatory cells infiltration, fibrosis with hyalinization, and extension of fibrosis outside the capsule, and immunohistochemical analysis, which demonstrates the predominance of T lymphocytes, strong positive stain to thyroglobulin, the presence of CD8+, CD4+ and plasma cells.
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Other diagnostic studies for Riedel's thyroiditis include pathological and immunohistochemical analysis.
Gross pathology
Gross pathology findings include:
- Pale thyroid mass
- No discernable tissue planes
Microscopic pathology
Microscopic pathology findings include:[1][2][3][4]
- Inflammatory cells infiltration
- Absence of giant cells, lymphoid follicles, or granulomas
- Fibrosis with hyalinization
- Extension of fibrosis outside the capsule
- Infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes in venular walls
Immunohistochemical analysis
The immunohistochemical study in Riedel's thyroiditis is helpful to identify the inflammatory population of this form of thyroiditis. The findings include:[5][6][7][8]
- Predominance of T lymphocytes
- Presence of CD8+, CD4+ and plasma cells
- Presence of granulocytes and monocytes
- Strong positive stain to thyroglobulin
Fine needle aspiration cytology
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) can lead to the misleading diagnosis due to fibrosis in Riedel thyroiditis. In most of the cases, it has no diagnostic value due to acellular or pauci-cellular smears.[9][10]
Gallery
Histology of Riedel's thyroiditis
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Inflammatory changes and atrophy of thyroid follicles (Image courtesy of AFIP and PathologyOutlines.com; http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/thyroidriedel.html )
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Fibrosis (Image courtesy of AFIP and PathologyOutlines.com; http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/thyroidriedel.html )
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Phlebitis; Inflammatory infiltrate in the venous wall (Image courtesy of AFIP and PathologyOutlines.com; http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/thyroidriedel.html )
References
- ↑ BARTHOLOMEW LG, CAIN JC, WOOLNER LB, UTZ DC, FERRIS DO (1963). "Sclerosing cholangitis: its possible association with Riedel's struma and fibrous retroperitonitis. Report of two cases". N. Engl. J. Med. 269: 8–12. doi:10.1056/NEJM196307042690102. PMID 13969693.
- ↑ Rao CR, Ferguson GC, Kyle VN (1973). "Retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with Riedel's struma". Can Med Assoc J. 108 (8): 1019–21. PMC 1941367. PMID 4699273.
- ↑ Nazarian A, Pezzella L, Tseng A, Baldassarri S, Zurakowski D, Evans CH, Snyder BD (2010). "Application of structural rigidity analysis to assess fidelity of healed fractures in rat femurs with critical defects". Calcif. Tissue Int. 86 (5): 397–403. doi:10.1007/s00223-010-9353-4. PMC 4405879. PMID 20354683.
- ↑ Rabinovitch A, Pukel C, Baquerizo H (1988). "Interleukin-1 inhibits glucose-modulated insulin and glucagon secretion in rat islet monolayer cultures". Endocrinology. 122 (6): 2393–8. doi:10.1210/endo-122-6-2393. PMID 2453340.
- ↑ "Redirecting".
- ↑ Schwaegerle SM, Bauer TW, Esselstyn CB (1988). "Riedel's thyroiditis". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 90 (6): 715–22. PMID 3057862.
- ↑ Weetman AP, McGregor AM (1994). "Autoimmune thyroid disease: further developments in our understanding". Endocr. Rev. 15 (6): 788–830. doi:10.1210/edrv-15-6-788. PMID 7705281.
- ↑ Papi G, Corrado S, Carapezzi C, De Gaetani C, Carani C (2003). "Riedel's thyroiditis and fibrous variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 26 (5): 444–9. doi:10.1007/BF03345200. PMID 12906372.
- ↑ "Riedel's Thyroiditis in Multifocal Fibrosclerosis: CT and MR Imaging Findings | American Journal of Neuroradiology".
- ↑ Kini, Sudha (1987). Thyroid (Guides to Clinical Aspiration Biopsy). New York: Igaku-Shoin. ISBN 9780896401242.<ref name="pmid15298150">Papi G, LiVolsi VA (2004). "Current concepts on Riedel thyroiditis". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 121 Suppl: S50–63. PMID 15298150.