Rhinitis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
|||
Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
==Natural History, Complications, Prognosis== | ==Natural History, Complications, Prognosis== | ||
===Natural history=== | ===Natural history=== | ||
Rhinitis is a very common disease, and it is sometimes mistakenly viewed as a trivial disease.<ref name="pmid18662584">{{cite journal| author=Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA et al.| title=The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2008 | volume= 122 | issue= 2 Suppl | pages= S1-84 | pmid=18662584 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18662584 }} </ref><ref name="Diseases of the Sinuses">{{cite book |last1=Romeo |first1=Jonathan |last2=Dykewicz |first2=Mark |title=Diseases of the Sinuses |publisher=Springer New York |date=2014 |pages=133-152 |chapter=Chapter 9:Differential Diagnosis of Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis |isbn=978-1-4939-0265-1}}</ref> Allergic rhinitis rarely occurs in isolation, it is a product of a genetic predisposition, epigenetic events, and environmental exposures, and it is frequently associated with other forms of atopy such as eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis.<ref name="pmid16634358">{{cite journal| author=Sacre Hazouri JA| title=[Allergic rhinitis. Coexistent diseases and complications. A review and analysis]. | journal=Rev Alerg Mex | year= 2006 | volume= 53 | issue= 1 | pages= 9-29 | pmid=16634358 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16634358 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25182349">{{cite journal| author=Mims JW| title=Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. | journal=Int Forum Allergy Rhinol | year= 2014 | volume= 4 Suppl 2 | issue= | pages= S18-20 | pmid=25182349 | doi=10.1002/alr.21385 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25182349 }} </ref> Nonallergic rhinitis is also associated with asthma.<ref name="pmid22056609">{{cite journal| author=Westman M, Stjärne P, Asarnoj A, Kull I, van Hage M, Wickman M et al.| title=Natural course and comorbidities of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2012 | volume= 129 | issue= 2 | pages= 403-8 | pmid=22056609 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.036 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22056609 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18331513">{{cite journal| author=Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A et al.| title=Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). | journal=Allergy | year= 2008 | volume= 63 Suppl 86 | issue= | pages= 8-160 | pmid=18331513 | doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18331513 }} </ref> Frequent extension of rhinitis (especially infectious rhinitis) into the sinuses also occur, resulting in rhinosinusitis.<ref name="pmid20176255">{{cite journal| author=Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL| title=Rhinitis and sinusitis. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2010 | volume= 125 | issue= 2 Suppl 2 | pages= S103-15 | pmid=20176255 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.989 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20176255 }} </ref><ref name= "Diseases of the Sinuses"></ref> Children with nonallergic rhinitis have a higher likelihood of undergoing remission, compared with those with allergic rhinitis, who tend to have a more persistent disease.<ref name="pmid22056609">{{cite journal| author=Westman M, Stjärne P, Asarnoj A, Kull I, van Hage M, Wickman M et al.| title=Natural course and comorbidities of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2012 | volume= 129 | issue= 2 | pages= 403-8 | pmid=22056609 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.036 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22056609 }} </ref> Remissions occur in up to 73% of four year old children with nonallergic rhinitis by the age of eight years.<ref name="pmid22056609">{{cite journal| author=Westman M, Stjärne P, Asarnoj A, Kull I, van Hage M, Wickman M et al.| title=Natural course and comorbidities of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2012 | volume= 129 | issue= 2 | pages= 403-8 | pmid=22056609 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.036 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22056609 }} </ref> Rhinitis is a significant cause of loss school and work days, and it constitutes a huge financial burden to the society.<ref name="pmid15025839">{{cite journal| author=Schoenwetter WF, Dupclay L, Appajosyula S, Botteman MF, Pashos CL| title=Economic impact and quality-of-life burden of allergic rhinitis. | journal=Curr Med Res Opin | year= 2004 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 305-17 | pmid=15025839 | doi=10.1185/030079903125003053 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15025839 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18662584">{{cite journal| author=Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA et al.| title=The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2008 | volume= 122 | issue= 2 Suppl | pages= S1-84 | pmid=18662584 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18662584 }} </ref> Untreated/poorly treated chronic rhinitis is associated with a diminished quality of life, disordered sleep, impaired work performance, and several other comorbidities.<ref name="Diseases of the Sinuses"></ref><ref name="pmid16634358">{{cite journal| author=Sacre Hazouri JA| title=[Allergic rhinitis. Coexistent diseases and complications. A review and analysis]. | journal=Rev Alerg Mex | year= 2006 | volume= 53 | issue= 1 | pages= 9-29 | pmid=16634358 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16634358 }} </ref> | Rhinitis is a very common disease, and it is sometimes mistakenly viewed as a trivial disease.<ref name="pmid18662584">{{cite journal| author=Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA et al.| title=The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2008 | volume= 122 | issue= 2 Suppl | pages= S1-84 | pmid=18662584 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18662584 }} </ref><ref name="Diseases of the Sinuses">{{cite book |last1=Romeo |first1=Jonathan |last2=Dykewicz |first2=Mark |title=Diseases of the Sinuses |publisher=Springer New York |date=2014 |pages=133-152 |chapter=Chapter 9:Differential Diagnosis of Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis |isbn=978-1-4939-0265-1}}</ref> Allergic rhinitis rarely occurs in isolation, it is a product of a genetic predisposition, epigenetic events, and environmental exposures, and it is frequently associated with other forms of atopy such as eczema, asthma, and allergic conjunctivitis (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis).<ref name="pmid16634358">{{cite journal| author=Sacre Hazouri JA| title=[Allergic rhinitis. Coexistent diseases and complications. A review and analysis]. | journal=Rev Alerg Mex | year= 2006 | volume= 53 | issue= 1 | pages= 9-29 | pmid=16634358 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16634358 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25182349">{{cite journal| author=Mims JW| title=Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. | journal=Int Forum Allergy Rhinol | year= 2014 | volume= 4 Suppl 2 | issue= | pages= S18-20 | pmid=25182349 | doi=10.1002/alr.21385 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25182349 }} </ref> Nonallergic rhinitis is also associated with asthma.<ref name="pmid22056609">{{cite journal| author=Westman M, Stjärne P, Asarnoj A, Kull I, van Hage M, Wickman M et al.| title=Natural course and comorbidities of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2012 | volume= 129 | issue= 2 | pages= 403-8 | pmid=22056609 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.036 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22056609 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18331513">{{cite journal| author=Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A et al.| title=Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). | journal=Allergy | year= 2008 | volume= 63 Suppl 86 | issue= | pages= 8-160 | pmid=18331513 | doi=10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18331513 }} </ref> Frequent extension of rhinitis (especially infectious rhinitis) into the sinuses also occur, resulting in rhinosinusitis.<ref name="pmid20176255">{{cite journal| author=Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL| title=Rhinitis and sinusitis. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2010 | volume= 125 | issue= 2 Suppl 2 | pages= S103-15 | pmid=20176255 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.989 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20176255 }} </ref><ref name= "Diseases of the Sinuses"></ref> Children with nonallergic rhinitis have a higher likelihood of undergoing remission, compared with those with allergic rhinitis, who tend to have a more persistent disease.<ref name="pmid22056609">{{cite journal| author=Westman M, Stjärne P, Asarnoj A, Kull I, van Hage M, Wickman M et al.| title=Natural course and comorbidities of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2012 | volume= 129 | issue= 2 | pages= 403-8 | pmid=22056609 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.036 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22056609 }} </ref> Remissions occur in up to 73% of four year old children with nonallergic rhinitis by the age of eight years.<ref name="pmid22056609">{{cite journal| author=Westman M, Stjärne P, Asarnoj A, Kull I, van Hage M, Wickman M et al.| title=Natural course and comorbidities of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2012 | volume= 129 | issue= 2 | pages= 403-8 | pmid=22056609 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.036 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22056609 }} </ref> Rhinitis is a significant cause of loss school and work days, and it constitutes a huge financial burden to the society.<ref name="pmid15025839">{{cite journal| author=Schoenwetter WF, Dupclay L, Appajosyula S, Botteman MF, Pashos CL| title=Economic impact and quality-of-life burden of allergic rhinitis. | journal=Curr Med Res Opin | year= 2004 | volume= 20 | issue= 3 | pages= 305-17 | pmid=15025839 | doi=10.1185/030079903125003053 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15025839 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18662584">{{cite journal| author=Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA et al.| title=The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. | journal=J Allergy Clin Immunol | year= 2008 | volume= 122 | issue= 2 Suppl | pages= S1-84 | pmid=18662584 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18662584 }} </ref> Untreated/poorly treated chronic rhinitis is associated with a diminished quality of life, disordered sleep, impaired work performance, and several other comorbidities.<ref name="Diseases of the Sinuses"></ref><ref name="pmid16634358">{{cite journal| author=Sacre Hazouri JA| title=[Allergic rhinitis. Coexistent diseases and complications. A review and analysis]. | journal=Rev Alerg Mex | year= 2006 | volume= 53 | issue= 1 | pages= 9-29 | pmid=16634358 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16634358 }} </ref> | ||
===Complication=== | ===Complication=== |
Revision as of 14:36, 19 January 2017
Rhinitis Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Rhinitis natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Rhinitis natural history, complications and prognosis |
FDA on Rhinitis natural history, complications and prognosis |
CDC on Rhinitis natural history, complications and prognosis |
Rhinitis natural history, complications and prognosis in the news |
Blogs on Rhinitis natural history, complications and prognosis |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Rhinitis natural history, complications and prognosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Natural History, Complications, Prognosis
Natural history
Rhinitis is a very common disease, and it is sometimes mistakenly viewed as a trivial disease.[1][2] Allergic rhinitis rarely occurs in isolation, it is a product of a genetic predisposition, epigenetic events, and environmental exposures, and it is frequently associated with other forms of atopy such as eczema, asthma, and allergic conjunctivitis (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis).[3][4] Nonallergic rhinitis is also associated with asthma.[5][6] Frequent extension of rhinitis (especially infectious rhinitis) into the sinuses also occur, resulting in rhinosinusitis.[7][2] Children with nonallergic rhinitis have a higher likelihood of undergoing remission, compared with those with allergic rhinitis, who tend to have a more persistent disease.[5] Remissions occur in up to 73% of four year old children with nonallergic rhinitis by the age of eight years.[5] Rhinitis is a significant cause of loss school and work days, and it constitutes a huge financial burden to the society.[8][1] Untreated/poorly treated chronic rhinitis is associated with a diminished quality of life, disordered sleep, impaired work performance, and several other comorbidities.[2][3]
Complication
Prognosis
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA; et al. (2008). "The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 122 (2 Suppl): S1–84. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.06.003. PMID 18662584.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Romeo, Jonathan; Dykewicz, Mark (2014). "Chapter 9:Differential Diagnosis of Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis". Diseases of the Sinuses. Springer New York. pp. 133–152. ISBN 978-1-4939-0265-1.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Sacre Hazouri JA (2006). "[Allergic rhinitis. Coexistent diseases and complications. A review and analysis]". Rev Alerg Mex. 53 (1): 9–29. PMID 16634358.
- ↑ Mims JW (2014). "Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis". Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 4 Suppl 2: S18–20. doi:10.1002/alr.21385. PMID 25182349.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Westman M, Stjärne P, Asarnoj A, Kull I, van Hage M, Wickman M; et al. (2012). "Natural course and comorbidities of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in children". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 129 (2): 403–8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.036. PMID 22056609.
- ↑ Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A; et al. (2008). "Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen)". Allergy. 63 Suppl 86: 8–160. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x. PMID 18331513.
- ↑ Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL (2010). "Rhinitis and sinusitis". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 125 (2 Suppl 2): S103–15. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.989. PMID 20176255.
- ↑ Schoenwetter WF, Dupclay L, Appajosyula S, Botteman MF, Pashos CL (2004). "Economic impact and quality-of-life burden of allergic rhinitis". Curr Med Res Opin. 20 (3): 305–17. doi:10.1185/030079903125003053. PMID 15025839.