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==Overview==
==Overview==
Common [[risk factors]] for the development of renal cell carcinoma include cigarette smoking, [[obesity]], [[hypertension]], end-stage [[renal failure]], acquired cystic renal disease, [[acetaminophen]] and analgesic drug use, [[asbestos]] or trichloroethylene exposure, [[tuberous sclerosis]], [[Von Hippel Lindau syndrome|Von-Hippel Lindau disease]], hereditary [[paraganglioma]], [[leiomyomatosis]], and [[Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome|birt-hogg-dube syndrome]].


==Risk factors==
==Risk factors==
A history of smoking greatly increases the risk for developing renal cell carcinoma.  
Common risk factors in the development of renal cell carcinoma include:<ref name="pmid15523697">{{cite journal| author=Hunt JD, van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, Boffetta P, Brennan P| title=Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2005 | volume= 114 | issue= 1 | pages= 101-8 | pmid=15523697 | doi=10.1002/ijc.20618 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15523697  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9610793">{{cite journal| author=Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Gago-Dominguez M, Yu MC, Ross RK| title=Tobacco use in relation to renal cell carcinoma. | journal=Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev | year= 1998 | volume= 7 | issue= 5 | pages= 429-33 | pmid=9610793 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9610793  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15583369">{{cite journal| author=Bjørge T, Tretli S, Engeland A| title=Relation of height and body mass index to renal cell carcinoma in two million Norwegian men and women. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2004 | volume= 160 | issue= 12 | pages= 1168-76 | pmid=15583369 | doi=10.1093/aje/ | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15583369  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15583368">{{cite journal| author=van Dijk BA, Schouten LJ, Kiemeney LA, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA| title=Relation of height, body mass, energy intake, and physical activity to risk of renal cell carcinoma: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study. | journal=Am J Epidemiol | year= 2004 | volume= 160 | issue= 12 | pages= 1159-67 | pmid=15583368 | doi=10.1093/aje/ | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15583368  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12653256">{{cite journal| author=Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M et al.| title=Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease. | journal=Clin Nephrol | year= 2003 | volume= 59 | issue= 3 | pages= 153-9 | pmid=12653256 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12653256  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17003820">{{cite journal| author=Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA| title=Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors. | journal=Kidney Int | year= 2006 | volume= 70 | issue= 10 | pages= 1777-82 | pmid=17003820 | doi=10.1038/sj.ki.5001853 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17003820  }} </ref><ref name="pmid7829242">{{cite journal| author=McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, Stewart JH, Lindblad P, Mandel JS et al.| title=International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 60 | issue= 3 | pages= 345-9 | pmid=7829242 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7829242  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19269025">{{cite journal| author=Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B| title=Renal cell carcinoma. | journal=Lancet | year= 2009 | volume= 373 | issue= 9669 | pages= 1119-32 | pmid=19269025 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19269025  }} </ref>
 
* Active and passive cigarette smoking
===Genetic risk factors===
*[[Obesity]]
Some people may also have inherited an increased risk to develop renal cell carcinoma, and a family history of kidney cancer increases the risk. People with [[von Hippel-Lindau disease]], a hereditary disease that also affects the capillaries of the [[brain]], commonly also develop renal cell carcinoma.  
* [[Hypertension]]
 
* End-stage [[renal failure]]
====Autosomal dominant conditions====
* Acquired cystic renal disease
 
* [[Acetaminophen]] and analgesic drug use
*Occupational exposure
** [[Asbestos]]
**Trichloroethylene
**Cadmium
* [[Tuberous sclerosis]]
*[[Von Hippel Lindau syndrome|Von-Hippel Lindau syndrome]]
* [[Leiomyomatosis]]
* [[Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome]]
* [[Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome]]
* Hereditary [[leiomyomatosis]] and renal cell cancer
*Chronic [[hepatitis C]] infection
* Hereditary nonpolyposis [[colorectal cancer]]
* [[von Hippel-Lindau syndrome]]
 
====Autosomal recessive conditions====
 
* [[Fumarase deficiency]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Kidney diseases]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 16:55, 9 October 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

Overview

Common risk factors for the development of renal cell carcinoma include cigarette smoking, obesity, hypertension, end-stage renal failure, acquired cystic renal disease, acetaminophen and analgesic drug use, asbestos or trichloroethylene exposure, tuberous sclerosis, Von-Hippel Lindau disease, hereditary paraganglioma, leiomyomatosis, and birt-hogg-dube syndrome.

Risk factors

Common risk factors in the development of renal cell carcinoma include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

References

  1. ↑ Hunt JD, van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, Boffetta P, Brennan P (2005). "Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies". Int J Cancer. 114 (1): 101–8. doi:10.1002/ijc.20618. PMID 15523697.
  2. ↑ Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Gago-Dominguez M, Yu MC, Ross RK (1998). "Tobacco use in relation to renal cell carcinoma". Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 7 (5): 429–33. PMID 9610793.
  3. ↑ Bjørge T, Tretli S, Engeland A (2004). "Relation of height and body mass index to renal cell carcinoma in two million Norwegian men and women". Am J Epidemiol. 160 (12): 1168–76. doi:10.1093/aje/. PMID 15583369.
  4. ↑ van Dijk BA, Schouten LJ, Kiemeney LA, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA (2004). "Relation of height, body mass, energy intake, and physical activity to risk of renal cell carcinoma: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study". Am J Epidemiol. 160 (12): 1159–67. doi:10.1093/aje/. PMID 15583368.
  5. ↑ Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M; et al. (2003). "Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease". Clin Nephrol. 59 (3): 153–9. PMID 12653256.
  6. ↑ Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA (2006). "Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors". Kidney Int. 70 (10): 1777–82. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5001853. PMID 17003820.
  7. ↑ McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, Stewart JH, Lindblad P, Mandel JS; et al. (1995). "International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics". Int J Cancer. 60 (3): 345–9. PMID 7829242.
  8. ↑ Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B (2009). "Renal cell carcinoma". Lancet. 373 (9669): 1119–32. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4. PMID 19269025.
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