Protein energy malnutrition epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

The prevalence of protein energy malnutrition in children under 5 years is estimated to be 150 million annually.

Gender

There prevalence and incidence of kwashiorkor does not vary by gender.

Race

There is no racial predilection for kwashiorkor but it is a disease seen more frequently in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and Central America.

Developed countries

Kwashiorkor is almost never seen in developed countries. It is a disease of underdeveloped/developing countries. However, some studies conducted in 2005 - 2007 on children in united states states that an estimated 3.5 million children under the age of 5 are at risk of hunger due to an underutilization of existing programs designed to address the issue of proper distribution such as food stamps or school meals.

Developing countries

Kwashiorkor is a disease prevalent in the underdeveloped/developing countries of the world. It is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and common in Southeast Asia and Central America occuring in young children living in areas with endemic food insecurity or famine. Some of the major countries striken by kwashiorkor include but are not limited to India, China, Pakistan, Tanzania, North Korea, Nigeria and Kenya.