Primary lymphoma of the bone
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]
Synonyms and keywords: Synonym 1; Synonym 2; Synonym 3
Overview
Primary lymphoma of the bone (also known as "PLB" ) is an uncommon malignancy that accounts for less than 5% of all primary bone tumors. The majority of cases are of the non-Hodgkin type, with Hodgkin disease accounting for only 6% of cases.
Historical Perspective
- Primary lymphoma of the bone was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
- In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of primary lymphoma of the bone.
- In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose primary lymphoma of the bone.
Classification
- Primary lymphoma of the bone may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
- [group1]
- [group2]
- [group3]
- Other variants of primary lymphoma of the bone include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
Pathophysiology
- The pathogenesis of primary lymphoma of the bone is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
- The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of primary lymphoma of the bone, involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
- On gross pathology, characteristic findings of primary lymphoma of the bone, include:
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of primary lymphoma of the bone, include:
Causes
- Primary lymphoma of the bone may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
- Primary lymphoma of the bone is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
- There are no established causes for primary lymphoma of the bone.
Differentiating primary lymphoma of the bone from other Diseases
- Primary lymphoma of the bone must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
- [Differential dx1]
- [Differential dx2]
- [Differential dx3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The prevalence of primary lymphoma of the bone is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence of primary lymphoma of the bone was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop primary lymphoma of the bone.
- Primary lymphoma of the bone is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
- Primary lymphoma of the bone is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
Gender
- Primary lymphoma of the bone affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with primary lymphoma of the bone than [gender 2].
- The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for primary lymphoma of the bone.
- Primary lymphoma of the bone usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
- [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop primary lymphoma of the bone.
Risk Factors
- The most common risk factors in the development of primary lymphoma of the bone is previous exposure to radiation.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The majority of patients with primary lymphoma of the bone remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
- Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- If left untreated, [#%] of patients with primary lymphoma of the bone may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- Common complications of primary lymphoma of the bone include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
- Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with primary lymphoma of the bone is approximately [#%].
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
- The diagnosis of primary lymphoma of the bone is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
- [criterion 1]
- [criterion 2]
- [criterion 3]
- [criterion 4]
Symptoms
- Primary lymphoma of the bone is usually asymptomatic.
- Symptoms of primary lymphoma of the bone may include the following:
- [symptom 1]
- [symptom 2]
- [symptom 3]
- [symptom 4]
- [symptom 5]
- [symptom 6]
Physical Examination
- Patients with primary lymphoma of the bone usually appear [general appearance].
- Physical examination may be remarkable for:
- [finding 1]
- [finding 2]
- [finding 3]
- [finding 4]
- [finding 5]
- [finding 6]
Laboratory Findings
- There are no specific laboratory findings associated with primary lymphoma of the bone.
- A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of primary lymphoma of the bone.
- An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of primary lymphoma of the bone.
- Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of primary lymphoma of the bone include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
Imaging Findings
- There are no [imaging study] findings associated with primary lymphoma of the bone.
- [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for primary lymphoma of the bone.
- On [imaging study 1], primary lymphoma of the bone is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
- [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Other Diagnostic Studies
- Primary lymphoma of the bone may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
- Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Treatment
Medical Therapy
- There is no treatment for primary lymphoma of the bone; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
- The mainstay of therapy for primary lymphoma of the bone is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
- [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
- Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
Surgery
- Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for primary lymphoma of the bone.
- [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of primary lymphoma of the bone.
- [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] primary lymphoma of the bone.
Prevention
- There are no primary preventive measures available for primary lymphoma of the bone.
- Effective measures for the primary prevention of primary lymphoma of the bone include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
- Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with primary lymphoma of the bone are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].