Primary effusion lymphoma: Difference between revisions

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=== Laboratory Findings ===
=== Laboratory Findings ===
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [primary effusion lymphoma].
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with primary effusion lymphoma.
*A lymph node biopsy is diagnostic of primary effusion lymphoma.
*Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of primary effusion lymphoma include [[complete blood count]] , blood chemistry studies, cytogenetic analysis, [[flow cytometry]], [[immunohistochemistry]], and [[immunophenotyping]].


*A  [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [primary effusion lymphoma].
*An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [primary effusion lymphoma].
*Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [primary effusion lymphoma] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
===Imaging Findings===
===Imaging Findings===
*There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [primary effusion lymphoma].
*There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [primary effusion lymphoma].

Revision as of 19:59, 22 March 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Body cavity lymphoma

Overview

Historical Perspective

  • [Primary effusion lymphoma] was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
  • In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [primary effusion lymphoma].
  • In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [primary effusion lymphoma].

Classification

  • [Primary effusion lymphoma] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
  • [group1]
  • [group2]
  • [group3]
  • Other variants of [primary effusion lymphoma] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].

Pathophysiology

  • The pathogenesis of [primary effusion lymphoma] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
  • The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [primary effusion lymphoma], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
  • On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [primary effusion lymphoma].
  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [primary effusion lymphoma].

Causes

  • [Primary effusion lymphoma] may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
  • [Primary effusion lymphoma] is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
  • There are no established causes for [primary effusion lymphoma].

Differentiating [primary effusion lymphoma] from other Diseases

  • [Primary effusion lymphoma] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
  • [Differential dx1]
  • [Differential dx2]
  • [Differential dx3]

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • The prevalence of [primary effusion lymphoma] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
  • In [year], the incidence of [primary effusion lymphoma] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop [primary effusion lymphoma].
  • [Primary effusion lymphoma] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
  • [Primary effusion lymphoma] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].

Gender

  • [Primary effusion lymphoma] affects men and women equally.
  • [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [primary effusion lymphoma] than [gender 2].
  • The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.

Race

  • There is no racial predilection for [primary effusion lymphoma].
  • [Primary effusion lymphoma] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
  • [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [primary effusion lymphoma].

Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of [primary effusion lymphoma] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

  • The majority of patients with [primary effusion lymphoma] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
  • Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
  • If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [primary effusion lymphoma] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
  • Common complications of [primary effusion lymphoma] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
  • Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10­year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [primary effusion lymphoma] is approximately [#%].

Diagnosis

Staging

Staging for primary effusion lymphoma is provided in the following table:[1]

Revised staging system for primary nodal lymphomas (Lugano classification)
Stage Involvement Extranodal (E) status
Limited
Stage I One node or a group of adjacent nodes Single extranodal lesions without nodal involvement
Stage II Two or more nodal groups on the same side of the diaphragm Stage I or II by nodal extent with limited contiguous extranodal involvement
Stage II bulky II as above with "bulky" disease Not applicable
Advanced
Stage III Nodes on both sides of the diaphragm; nodes above the diaphragm with spleen involvement Not applicable
Stage IV Additional noncontiguous extralymphatic involvement Not applicable

Symptoms

  • Symptoms of primary effusion lymphoma may include the following::[2]

Physical Examination

  • Physical examination of primary effusion lymphoma may be remarkable for:

Laboratory Findings

  • There are no specific laboratory findings associated with primary effusion lymphoma.
  • A lymph node biopsy is diagnostic of primary effusion lymphoma.
  • Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of primary effusion lymphoma include complete blood count , blood chemistry studies, cytogenetic analysis, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunophenotyping.

Imaging Findings

  • There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [primary effusion lymphoma].
  • [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [primary effusion lymphoma].
  • On [imaging study 1], [primary effusion lymphoma] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
  • [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • [Primary effusion lymphoma] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
  • Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

  • There is no treatment for [primary effusion lymphoma]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
  • The mainstay of therapy for [primary effusion lymphoma] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
  • [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
  • Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].

Surgery

  • Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [primary effusion lymphoma].
  • [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [primary effusion lymphoma].
  • [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [primary effusion lymphoma].

Prevention

  • There are no primary preventive measures available for [primary effusion lymphoma].
  • Effective measures for the primary prevention of [primary effusion lymphoma] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
  • Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [primary effusion lymphoma] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].

References

  1. Cheson, Bruce D.; Fisher, Richard I.; Barrington, Sally F.; Cavalli, Franco; Schwartz, Lawrence H.; Zucca, Emanuele; Lister, T. Andrew; Alliance, Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; European Mantle Cell Lymphoma Consortium; Italian Lymphoma Foundation; European Organisation for Research; Treatment of Cancer/Dutch Hemato-Oncology Group; Grupo Español de Médula Ósea; German High-Grade Lymphoma Study Group; German Hodgkin's Study Group; Japanese Lymphorra Study Group; Lymphoma Study Association; NCIC Clinical Trials Group; Nordic Lymphoma Study Group; Southwest Oncology Group; United Kingdom National Cancer Research Institute (2014-09-20). "Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification". Journal of Clinical Oncology: Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 32 (27): 3059–3068. doi:10.1200/JCO.2013.54.8800. ISSN 1527-7755. PMID 25113753.
  2. Primary effusion lymphoma. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. http://seer.cancer.gov/seertools/hemelymph/51f6cf57e3e27c3994bd5378/. Accessed on March 22, 2016


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