Osteoporosis Echocardiography or Ultrasound
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1].
Overview
There are no echocardiography findings associated with osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis echocardiography or ultrasound
Echocardiography
- There are no echocardiography findings associated with osteoporosis.
Ultrasound
- Although dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard method for measurement of bone marrow density (BMD) and also osteoporosis, the limitations encountering its' usage may decrease the application and increase the need to find another modality. The limitations of DXA include ionizing radiation exposure, difficult portability due to huge size, and high cost. These problems have led to choose some methods with less harms and limitations, such as ultrasound (especially quantitative), which could diagnose osteoporosis with lower radiation, lower price, and also higher availability.[1]
- The main place for application of ultrasound survey is calcaneus. The most important reasons that calcaneus was chosien include easy accessibility, suitable shape with parallel dimensions, and also containing about 90% of trabecular bones; with metabolic activity as much as vertebrae. It would be best bone turnover identifier in the skeleton.[2]
- The ultrasound is used especially for quantitative measures, such as structural features and elastic properties which can not surveyed through densitometry; particularly in post menopausal women.[3]
- Studies have revealed that ultrasound could provide really good properties, such as mineralized matrix distribution in bone and the bone resistance for heavy weights based on trabecular characteristics (connectivity or thickness) and trabecular orientation, respectively.[4]
- On the other hand, it has been found that calcaneus ultrasound can predict any fracture in calcaneus, phalanx, radius, and tibia.[5]
- Another site with high percentage of cancellous bone is phalanx. When bone mass loss happened, the central cavities enlarged and cortical bones declined. Results of recent study have shown that phalanx ultrasound is a sensitive test for aging and also osteoporosis.[6] The sensitivity of ultrasound in diagnosing osteoporosis was very good.[7]
- There is more compatibility to use quantitative ultrasound in central sites of the body, which are main sites of the osteoporosis.
New methods
- Barkmann has invented the fist quantitative ultrasound device specific for femoral neck BMD measurement (i.e., Femur Ultrasound Scaner, FemUS). The device consists of two ultrasound transducers which is submerged in water, synchronically send and receive ultrasonic waves; monitoring the BMD measure as precise as DXA method. The main limitation of the device was probable sub-optimal function of transducers in various temperatures of containing water.[8]
- Recently, in Italy ultrasound has been used more in diagnosis of osteoporosis. In this method, primarily lumbar spine and femoral neck ultrasound scan was done; BMD, T-score, and Z-score concluded using an automated algorithm with application of both the echographic images and also the "raw" ultrasound signals. Then the concluded measures was compared to the DXA findings, showed correspondence of 86.1% in spine and 81% in femur.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pisani P, Renna MD, Conversano F, Casciaro E, Muratore M, Quarta E; et al. (2013). "Screening and early diagnosis of osteoporosis through X-ray and ultrasound based techniques". World J Radiol. 5 (11): 398–410. doi:10.4329/wjr.v5.i11.398. PMC 3856332. PMID 24349644.
- ↑ Khaw KT, Reeve J, Luben R, Bingham S, Welch A, Wareham N, Oakes S, Day N (2004). "Prediction of total and hip fracture risk in men and women by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus: EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study". Lancet. 363 (9404): 197–202. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15325-1. PMID 14738792.
- ↑ Hans D, Njeh CF, Genant HK, Meunier PJ (1998). "Quantitative ultrasound in bone status assessment". Rev Rhum Engl Ed. 65 (7–9): 489–98. PMID 9785396.
- ↑ Barkmann R, Lüsse S, Stampa B, Sakata S, Heller M, Glüer CC (2000). "Assessment of the geometry of human finger phalanges using quantitative ultrasound in vivo". Osteoporos Int. 11 (9): 745–55. doi:10.1007/s001980070053. PMID 11148802.
- ↑ Khaw KT, Reeve J, Luben R, Bingham S, Welch A, Wareham N, Oakes S, Day N (2004). "Prediction of total and hip fracture risk in men and women by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus: EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study". Lancet. 363 (9404): 197–202. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15325-1. PMID 14738792.
- ↑ Guglielmi G, Njeh CF, de Terlizzi F, De Serio DA, Scillitani A, Cammisa M, Fan B, Lu Y, Genant HK (2003). "Palangeal quantitative ultrasound, phalangeal morphometric variables, and vertebral fracture discrimination". Calcif. Tissue Int. 72 (4): 469–77. doi:10.1007/s00223-001-1092-0. PMID 12574870.
- ↑ Wüster C, Albanese C, De Aloysio D, Duboeuf F, Gambacciani M, Gonnelli S, Glüer CC, Hans D, Joly J, Reginster JY, De Terlizzi F, Cadossi R (2000). "Phalangeal osteosonogrammetry study: age-related changes, diagnostic sensitivity, and discrimination power. The Phalangeal Osteosonogrammetry Study Group". J. Bone Miner. Res. 15 (8): 1603–14. doi:10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.8.1603. PMID 10934660.
- ↑ Barkmann R, Dencks S, Laugier P, Padilla F, Brixen K, Ryg J, Seekamp A, Mahlke L, Bremer A, Heller M, Glüer CC (2010). "Femur ultrasound (FemUS)--first clinical results on hip fracture discrimination and estimation of femoral BMD". Osteoporos Int. 21 (6): 969–76. doi:10.1007/s00198-009-1037-4. PMID 19693640.