Osteoma overview

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

Osteoma (also known as Osteomata ) is a benign, slow growing, bone lesion. Osteoma commonly arises from the frontal and ethmoid sinuses (75%).[1] This tumor is characterized as an outgrowth bone-forming tumor, because tumor cells produce normal bone in unusual locations. Osteoma may be incidentally identified as a mass in the skull, mandible, or as the underlying cause of sinusitis or mucocele formation within the paranasal sinuses. When they are multiple, Gardner syndrome should be considered.[1] Osteoma represents the most common benign neoplasm of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The causes remain uncertain, but commonly accepted theories propose embryologic, traumatic, or infectious causes. Osteomas are usually asymptomatic. Excision may be performed if osteoma is responsible for symptoms.

Historical Perspective

In 1898, Paul Schulze, was the first to describe a craniofacial skeletal osteoma.[2]

Pathophysiology

Osteoma is a slow growing benign tumor of bone, occurring most commonly in the craniofacial skeletal structures, mainly in the nasal and paranasal (75-90%) cavities.[3]

Causes

The cause of an osteoma has not been identified, but commonly accepted theories propose embryological, traumatic, or infective causes.[3]

Differentiating Osteoma from other Diseases

Osteoma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause sinus or facial pain, headache, and changes to or loss of sense of smell, such as chronic sinusitis, and fibrous displasia.[4]

Risk Factors

The risk factors of osteoma remain unknown.[3]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Osteoma the most common benign neoplasm of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The prevalence of osteoma is 3% in general population. Affects adults and children. The mean age at diagnosis is 37 years. Men are more commonly affected than women, with a 3:2 ratio.[4]


Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Biopsy

Staging

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Greenspan A (1993). "Benign bone-forming lesions: osteoma, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma. Clinical, imaging, pathologic, and differential considerations". Skeletal Radiol. 22 (7): 485–500. PMID 8272884.
  2. Paul Schulze (1898) Osteoma internum sarcomatosum des oberkiefers. <German>. HOLLIS Catalog. Harvard Countway Library
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Abdel Tawab HM, Kumar V R, Tabook SM (2015). "Osteoma presenting as a painless solitary mastoid swelling". Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2015: 590783. doi:10.1155/2015/590783. PMC 4341844. PMID 25767729. Vancouver style error: name (help)
  4. 4.0 4.1 Erdogan N, Demir U, Songu M, Ozenler NK, Uluç E, Dirim B (2009). "A prospective study of paranasal sinus osteomas in 1,889 cases: changing patterns of localization". Laryngoscope. 119 (12): 2355–9. doi:10.1002/lary.20646. PMID 19780030.

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