Oral cancer differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]

Overview

There are different types of cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx. It is important that they are differentiated from one another.

Oral cancer must be differentiated from actinic keratosis, dermatologic manifestations of oral leukoplakia, erythroplasia, lichen planus and mucosal candidiasis.

Oral cancer differential diagnosis

Type of cancer	Subtype	ICD-O Code	Epidemiology	Etiology	Second primary tumors	Localization	Clinical features	Diagnostic procedures
Squamous cell carcinoma	Verrucous carcinoma	8051/3	Older males	Chronic smokeless tobacco HPV 16 and 18
	Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma	8083/3
	Papillary squamous cell carcinoma	8052/3
	Spindle cell carcinoma	8074/3
	Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma	8075/3
	Adenosquamous carcinoma	8560/3
	Carcinoma cuniculatum (epithelioma cuniculatum)	8051/3
Lymphoepithelial carcinoma
Epithelial precursor lesions
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and precancerous conditions
Papillomas	Squamous cell papilloma and verruca vulgaris
	Condyloma acuminatum
	Papillomas and papillomatosis in immunodeficiency
	Focal epithelial hyperplasia
Granular cell tumour
Keratoacanthoma
Papillary hyperplasia
Median rhomboid glossitis
Median rhomboid glossitis
Salivary gland tumours	Acinic cell carcinoma	8550/3
	Mucoepidermoid carcinoma	8430/3
	Adenoid cystic carcinoma	8200/3
	Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma	8525/3
	Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma	8562/3
	Clear cell carcinoma, NOS	8310/3
	Basal cell adenocarcinoma	8147/3
	Cystadenocarcinoma	8450/3
	Mucinous adenocarcinoma	8480/3
	Oncocytic carcinoma	8290/3
	Salivary duct carcinoma	8500/3
	Myoepithelial carcinoma	8982/3
	Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma	8941/3
Salivary gland adenomas	Pleomorphic adenoma	8940/0
	Myoepithelioma	8982/0
	Basal cell adenoma	8147/0
	Canalicular adenoma	8149/0
	Duct papilloma	8503/0
	Cystadenoma	8440/0
Kaposi sarcoma
Lymphangioma
Ectomesenchymal chondromyxoid tumour of the anterior tongue
Focal oral mucinosis
Congenital granular cell epulis
Haematolymphoid tumours	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
	Extramedullary plasmacytoma
	Langerhans cell histiocytosis
	Hodgkin lymphoma
	Extramedullary myeloid sarcoma
	Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma / tumour
Mucosal malignant melanoma

References

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