Oliguria: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants, less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children, and less than 400 mL/day (equals 17mL/hour) in adults.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Klahr S, Miller S | title = Acute oliguria. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 338 | issue = 10 | pages = 671-5 | year = 1998 | id = PMID 9486997}} [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/338/10/671 Free Full Text].</ref> | Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants, less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children, and less than 400 mL/day (equals 17mL/hour) in adults.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Klahr S, Miller S | title = Acute oliguria. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 338 | issue = 10 | pages = 671-5 | year = 1998 | id = PMID 9486997}} [http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/338/10/671 Free Full Text].</ref> | ||
==Causes | ==Causes== | ||
The mechanisms causing oliguria can be divided into several categories: | The mechanisms causing oliguria can be divided into several categories: | ||
Revision as of 14:30, 25 February 2013
|
WikiDoc Resources for Oliguria |
|
Articles |
|---|
|
Most recent articles on Oliguria |
|
Media |
|
Evidence Based Medicine |
|
Clinical Trials |
|
Ongoing Trials on Oliguria at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Oliguria at Google
|
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Oliguria
|
|
Books |
|
News |
|
Commentary |
|
Definitions |
|
Patient Resources / Community |
|
Directions to Hospitals Treating Oliguria Risk calculators and risk factors for Oliguria
|
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Oliguria |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
|
International |
|
|
|
Business |
|
Experimental / Informatics |
For patient information page click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: Decreased urine output; reduced urine output
Overview
Oliguria and anuria are the decreased or absent production of urine, respectively.
Oliguria is defined as a urine output that is less than 1 mL/kg/h in infants, less than 0.5 mL/kg/h in children, and less than 400 mL/day (equals 17mL/hour) in adults.[1]
Causes
The mechanisms causing oliguria can be divided into several categories:
Prerenal
In response to hypoperfusion of the kidney (e.g. as a result of dehydration by poor oral intake, diarrhea, massive bleeding or sepsis)
Renal
Due to kidney damage (severe hypoperfusion, rhabdomyolysis, medication)
Postrenal
As a consequence of obstruction of the urine flow (e.g. enlarged prostate, tumour compression urinary outflow, expanding hematoma or fluid collection)
The decreased production of urine may be a sign of dehydration, renal failure or urinary obstruction/urinary retention.
Postoperative oliguria
Patients usually have decrease in urine output after a major operation that may be a normal physiological response to:
- Fluid/ blood loss – decreased glomerular filtration rate secondary to hypovolemia and/or hypotension
- Response of adrenal cortex to stress -increase in aldosterone (Na and water retention) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release
Oliguria in infants
Oliguria, when defined as less than 1 mL/kg/h, in infants is not considered to be a reliable sign of renal failure.[2]
References
- ↑ Klahr S, Miller S (1998). "Acute oliguria". N Engl J Med. 338 (10): 671–5. PMID 9486997. Free Full Text.
- ↑ Arant B (1987). "Postnatal development of renal function during the first year of life". Pediatr Nephrol. 1 (3): 308–13. PMID 3153294.