Nephritic syndrome classification

Nephritic syndrome Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Classification

Acute nephritic syndrome may be differentiated according to the etiology of renal disease. Primary glomerulonephritis is defined as glomerulonephritis due to primary renal disease. Secondary glomerulonephritis is defined as glomerulonephritis due to other etiologies, such as infectious agents, vasculitides, and medications.

Primary

Idiopathic (primary) glomerulonephritis is defined as glomerulonephritis due to renal disease.

• Fibrillary glomerulonephritis
• Idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis
• IgA nephropathy
• Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Secondary

Hereditary=

• Alport's syndrome
• Thin basement membrane disease

Infectious Etiology

Bacterial

• Group A streptococcus
• Mycoplasma
• Neisseria meningitidis
• Salmonella typhi
• Staphylococcus endocarditis
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Escherichia coli
• Pseudomonas spp.
• Proteus spp.
• Clostridium spp.
• Rickettsial infections

Parasitic

• Malaria
• Schistosomiasis
• Toxoplasmosis

Viral

• Coxsackievirus
• Cytomegalovirus
• Epstein-Barr virus
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• Herpes zoster
• Measles
• Mumps
• Varicella

Fungal

• Candida albicans
• Coccidiodes immitis

Vasculitides

• Henoch-Schonlein purpura
• Microscopic polyangiitis
• Polyarteritis nodosa
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Wegener's granulomatosis
• Goodpasture's syndrome

Common Medications

• Hydralazine
• Procainamide
• Quinine
• Cisplatin
• Gemcitabine
• Mitomycin C
• Quinine