Neonatal jaundice natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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===Complications===
===Complications===
*Common complications of neonatal jaundice include the following:  
*Common complications of neonatal jaundice include the following:  
**Acute bilirubin encephalopathy:<ref name="pmid9027422">{{cite journal| author=Chuniaud L, Dessante M, Chantoux F, Blondeau JP, Francon J, Trivin F| title=Cytotoxicity of bilirubin for human fibroblasts and rat astrocytes in culture. Effect of the ratio of bilirubin to serum albumin. | journal=Clin Chim Acta | year= 1996 | volume= 256 | issue= 2 | pages= 103-14 | pmid=9027422 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9027422  }}</ref>
***Bilirubin is toxic to the brain and high levels may cause acute bilirubin encephalopathy.
***In the beginning, it may be asymptomatic or the infant is sleepy and hypotonic.
***If the encephalopathy not diagnosed early, more complications will develop as lethargy, seizures, inability to feed, and apnea in severe cases.
***It is better to diagnose it early in order not to develop severe cases of encephalopathy.
**[[Kernicterus]]:The effects of kernicterus range from fever, seizures, and a high-pitched crying to mental retardation. This is due to a staining effect on the [[basal ganglia]] leading to neuronal damage. With aggressive treatment such as exchange transfusion to lower very high bilirubin levels, the neurological effects are almost always transient.
**[[Kernicterus]]:The effects of kernicterus range from fever, seizures, and a high-pitched crying to mental retardation. This is due to a staining effect on the [[basal ganglia]] leading to neuronal damage. With aggressive treatment such as exchange transfusion to lower very high bilirubin levels, the neurological effects are almost always transient.


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[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]​​
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
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[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]

Revision as of 16:27, 31 January 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Naturla history, complicaions and prognosis

Natural history

  • If left untreated, neonatal jaundice may develop bilirubin related encephalopathy.

Complications

  • Common complications of neonatal jaundice include the following:
    • Acute bilirubin encephalopathy:[1]
      • Bilirubin is toxic to the brain and high levels may cause acute bilirubin encephalopathy.
      • In the beginning, it may be asymptomatic or the infant is sleepy and hypotonic.
      • If the encephalopathy not diagnosed early, more complications will develop as lethargy, seizures, inability to feed, and apnea in severe cases.
      • It is better to diagnose it early in order not to develop severe cases of encephalopathy.
    • Kernicterus:The effects of kernicterus range from fever, seizures, and a high-pitched crying to mental retardation. This is due to a staining effect on the basal ganglia leading to neuronal damage. With aggressive treatment such as exchange transfusion to lower very high bilirubin levels, the neurological effects are almost always transient.

Prognosis

  • Prognosis of neonatal jaundice is excellent with receiving the proper treatment.

References

  1. Chuniaud L, Dessante M, Chantoux F, Blondeau JP, Francon J, Trivin F (1996). "Cytotoxicity of bilirubin for human fibroblasts and rat astrocytes in culture. Effect of the ratio of bilirubin to serum albumin". Clin Chim Acta. 256 (2): 103–14. PMID 9027422.

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