Molluscum contagiosum epidemiology and demographics

Molluscum contagiosum Microchapters
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Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Molluscum contagiosum from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic criteria
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
X ray
Ultrasound
CT Scan
MRI
Other Imaging Studies
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

OR

The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.

OR

[Cancer name] is the [number] most common cancer worldwide.

• Additional Sentences:

Additional Sentence 1: The case-mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range] worldwide.

Additional Sentence 2: The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].

Additional Sentence 3: Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name]

Additional Sentence 4: [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].

Additional Sentence 5: [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.

Additional Sentence 6: [Disease name] affects men and women equally.

Additional Sentence 7: There is no racial predilection to [disease name].

Additional Sentence 8: [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [ethnicity 1] race. [Ethnicity 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].

Additional Sentence 9: The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.

Additional Sentence 10: [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].

Additional Sentence 11: [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].

Additional Sentence 12: [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.

Epidemiology and Demographics

80% of the patients were younger than 8 years old. The majority of patients (63%) had more than 15 lesions.

• A population-based Australian seroepidemiology study in 357 people revealed an overall seropositivity rate of 23 percent. The data also indicated that very mild or subclinical cases may be more common in the general community than previously suspected.
• The number of cases in adults has varied over time. In the 1980s, the number of molluscum contagiosum cases increased, apparently as a result of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic.
• since the introduction of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART), the number of molluscum contagiosum cases in AIDS patients has decreased substantially. affects about 5-10% of patients with HIV disease, often showing extensive, severe lesions, unresponsive to therapy.
• MC is a common condition, with the greatest incidence being in those aged 1-4 years. Swimming and eczema are associated with the presence of MC, but the causal relationships are unclear. There is a lack of data regarding the natural history of MC and published data are insufficient to determine temporal or geographic patterns in incidence, risk factors, duration of symptoms or transmission between family members.
• Molluscum contagiosum is a viral cutaneous infection in childhood that occurs worldwide.
• Molluscum contagiosum mainly affects children, but in adults the advent of HIV has modified its clinical spectrum. Our study is designed to ascertain the clinical profile of molluscum contagiosum in children and adults and to discover the effects of underlying HIV infection. During the study period of September 2000 to June 2002, 150 cases of molluscum contagiosum are screened and recruited at the Department of Dermatology and STD, JIPMER, Pondicherry. These include 137 children (85 male, 52 female) and 13 adults (10 male, 3 female). In children molluscum contagiosum is most commonly seen in the 5-10-year age group (58 cases), followed by the 1-5-year age group (53 cases), the 10-14-year age group (23 cases), and the younger-than-1-year age group (3 cases). In adults molluscum contagiosum is most commonly seen in the 14-20-year age group, followed by 2 cases each in the age groups 20-26 years, 26-34 years, and 34-40 years. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1.6:1 in children and 3.3:1 in adults. In both children and adults the most common sites affected are the head and neck, followed by trunk, upper extremity, genitalia, and lower extremity. It appears that the distribution of molluscum in our patients is significantly affected by the high proportion of HIV-positive adults in our sample. Seropositivity for HIV by ELISA is found in 1 of 137 children and 8 of 13 adults. In these HIV-positive patients, 2 cases of giant molluscum and one furuncle-like presentation are seen.

Prevalence

• Prevalence is defined as the total number of cases of a disease in a given at-risk population at a specific time.

Note: For diseases specific to one gender, such as prostate cancer, only male patients are considered in the equation since only male patients are the at-risk population.

• When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a prevalence as 10.1 instead of 10.09322. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy.
• You can use one or more of these template sentences.
  • Worldwide, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • Worldwide, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • In developed countries, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • In developed countries, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • In developing countries/ Africa, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • In developing countries/ Africa, the prevalence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • In ____ (insert year), the prevalence of _______ (insert disease name) was estimated to be _______ (insert number) cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

Incidence

• Incidence is defined as the number of new cases per population in a given time period.
• The standard format to report the incidence is ___ per 100,000 individuals.
• When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a incidence as 10.1 instead of 10.09322. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy.
• You can pick one or more of the template sentences below for this section:
  • Worldwide, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • Worldwide, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • In developed countries, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • In developed countries, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • In developing countries/ Africa, the incidence of (insert disease state here) ranges from a low of _____ per 100,000 persons to a high of _____ per 100,000 persons with an average incidence of _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • In developing countries/ Africa, the incidence of (insert disease state here) is _____ per 100,000 persons.
  • In ____ (insert year), the incidence of _______ (insert disease name) was estimated to be _______ (insert number) cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.

Case Fatality Rate

• The case fatality rate is defined the number of deaths (fatality) among patients with the disease (case). Case fatality rate should be distinguished from "Mortality Rate" (defined as the number of deaths among the at-risk population).
• The case fatality rate is usually described as a function of time (e.g. In 2015 / annually etc...).
• When using numbers with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report the case fatality rate as 10.1% instead of 10.09322%. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy.
• You can pick the template sentence below for this section:
  • In ____ (year), the case fatality rate of ____ (disease name) is ____ (case fatality rate in %).
  • The annual case fatality rate of ____ (disease name) is approximately ____ (case fatality rate in %).

Age

• This section can describe the impact of the disease depending on the persons age, and the age-specific prevalence and incidence.
• The prevalence of ____ (insert disease state here) increases/decreases with age.
• _____ (insert acute disease) commonly affects _____ (insert age group).
• _____ (insert chronic disease) is usually first diagnosed among _____ (insert age group).
• Incidence first peaks in preschool children. PMC4140023

Gender

This section describe how prevalence of the disease varies by gender. When describing male to female ratios with decimal points, avoid reporting more than 1 number after the decimal point. For example, report a ratio as as 1.5 to 1 instead of 1.48294 to 1. Many numbers after the decimal point may suggest a false sense of accuracy. You can use either of the following template sentences:

• ______ (insert gender 1) are more commonly affected with ______ (insert disease name) than _____ (insert gender 2). The _____ (insert gender ratio e.g. male to female) ratio is approximately _____ (insert number > 1) to 1.
• The prevalence and incidence of (insert disease state here) does not vary by gender.
• Men and women are affected equally by (insert disease name here).
• (Insert disease state here) is more prevalent in men women.
• The prevalence of (insert disease state here) among men is ____ per 100,000, while it is _____ per 100,000 among women.
• The incidence of (insert disease state here) among men is ____ per 100,000, while it is _____ per 100,000 among women.

Race

This section describes how the disease differs based upon race. You can use the following template sentence for this section:

• The prevalence of _____ (insert disease) does not vary by race.
• (Insert disease state here) is more prevalent in the ____ (inser race) race and ____ (insert other race) races.
• There is no racial predilection for ____ (insert disease name)
• _____ (insert disease) usually affects individuals of the _____ (inser race) race. _____ (insert other race) individuals are less likely to develop ______ (disease name).

Developed Countries

• In this section you should describe the impact of the disease in developed countries.
• Incidence, prevalence, and geographical distribution or areas of interest can be mentioned, as well as the relevant impact the disease has on society.

Developing Countries

• In this section you should describe the impact of the disease in developing countries.
• Incidence, prevalence, and geographical distribution or areas of interest can be mentioned, as well as the relevant impact the disease has on society.