Mobile health
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Overview
Mobile health, also called mHealth, is a component of eHealth. “To date, no standardized definition of mHealth has been established...the Global Observatory for eHealth (GOe) defined mHealth or mobile health as medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices, such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other wireless devices. mHealth involves the use and capitalization on a mobile phone’s core utility of voice and short messaging service (SMS) as well as more complex functionalities and applications including general packet radio service (GPRS), third and fourth generation mobile telecommunications (3G and 4G systems), global positioning system (GPS), and Bluetooth technology”[1]
Effectiveness
Mobile phone text messaging approximately doubles the odds of medication adherence. A meta analysis was conducted of 16 randomized control trials to assess the effect of mobile phone text messaging on medication adherence in the setting chronic disease. Study concluded that this intervention improved adherence rates from 50% to 67.8% or an absolute increase of 17.8%.[2]
A smartphone app may improve adherence and total weight loss after 6 months when compared to a website monitoring group. [3] In a pilot study done in the UK, a sample of 128 overweight individuals were randomized to receive a weight management intervention delivered by smartphone app, website, or paper diary. The smartphone app intervention, My Meal Mate (MMM), was developed by the research team using an evidence-based behavioral approach. [3]
- Trial retention was 93% in the smartphone group, 55% in the website group, and 53% in the paper diary group at 6 months.
- Adherence means were 92 days in the smartphone group, 35 days in the website group, and 29 days in the paper diary group.
- Mean weight loss and BMI reduction, respectively, at 6 months were -4.6 kg and -1.6 kg/m2 in the smartphone group, -2.9 kg and -1.0 kg/m2 in the paper diary group, and -1.3 kg and -0.5 kg/m2 in the website group.
Regarding care of diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis and more recent trial have found that mobile health technology has a greater reduction in hemoglobin A1c.[4][5]
Regarding coronary artery disease, a randomized controlled trial found reduction of risk factors associated with using mobile health.[6].
Regarding physical activity, text messaging may give short term improvement.[7]
References
- ↑ World Health Organization (2011). mHealth New horizons for health through mobile technologies ISBN 9789241564250
- ↑ Thakkar J, Kurup R, Laba TL, Santo K, Thiagalingam A, Rodgers A; et al. (2016). "Mobile Telephone Text Messaging for Medication Adherence in Chronic Disease: A Meta-analysis". JAMA Intern Med. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7667. PMID 26831740.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rahal JJ, Simberkoff MS (1986). "Comparative bactericidal activity of penicillin-netilmicin and penicillin-gentamicin against enterococci". J Antimicrob Chemother. 17 (5): 585–91. PMID 3636323.
- ↑ Hou C, Carter B, Hewitt J, Francisa T, Mayor S (2016). "Do Mobile Phone Applications Improve Glycemic Control (HbA1c) in the Self-management of Diabetes? A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and GRADE of 14 Randomized Trials". Diabetes Care. 39 (11): 2089–2095. doi:10.2337/dc16-0346. PMID 27926892.
- ↑ Hsu WC, Lau KH, Huang R, Ghiloni S, Le H, Gilroy S; et al. (2016). "Utilization of a Cloud-Based Diabetes Management Program for Insulin Initiation and Titration Enables Collaborative Decision Making Between Healthcare Providers and Patients". Diabetes Technol Ther. 18 (2): 59–67. doi:10.1089/dia.2015.0160. PMID 26645932.
- ↑ Chow CK, Redfern J, Hillis GS, Thakkar J, Santo K, Hackett ML; et al. (2015). "Effect of Lifestyle-Focused Text Messaging on Risk Factor Modification in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial". JAMA. 314 (12): 1255–63. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.10945. PMID 26393848. Review in: Ann Intern Med. 2016 Jan 19;164(2):JC7
- ↑ Agboola, Stephen; Jethwani, Kamal; Lopez, Lenny; Searl, Meghan; O’Keefe, Sandra; Kvedar, Joseph (2016-11-18). "Text to Move: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Text-Messaging Program to Improve Physical Activity Behaviors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 18 (11): –307. doi:10.2196/jmir.6439. ISSN 1438-8871. Retrieved 2016-11-18.