Microsporidiosis history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [3]

Overview

Symptoms of intestinal microsporidiosis include chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.

History and Symptoms

Microsporidiosis can affect many systems. Intestinal microsporidiosis is the most common form of the disease.

Intestinal microsporidiosis:

In immunocompetent individuals

Intestinal microsporidiosis may be asymptomatic or causes transient diarrhea. In rare cases, it might cause chronic diarrhea.

In immunocompromised individuals

• Chronic diarrhea: nonbloody watery diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Weight loss
• May be associated with nausea and vomiting.

Disseminated disease

• Symptoms of cholecystitis, renal failure, respiratory tract infection occur. Patients with respiratory tract involvement may present with persistent cough, dyspnea, wheezing.
• Headache, nasal congestion or discharge, ocular pain and loss of taste may indicate that the sinus is involved.
• Patients with urinary tract infection may be frequently asymptomatic.

Eye involvement

Ocular involvement can cause keratitis which present with red eye, excessive tearing, foreign body sensation, light sensitivity, blurred or decreased vision.

Musculoskeletal involvement

• Muscle pain
• Fever
• Muscle weakness

Dermatologic Microsporidiosis

• Nodular cutaneous lesions is seen in patients with HIV infection.

Central nervous system involvement

• Microsporidiosis may present with symptoms of space occupying lesions such as:
• Headache
• Seizures
• Projectile vomiting