Malaria natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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==Complications==
==Complications==
* Consequences of severe malaria include [[coma]] and death if untreated—young children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable. [[Splenomegaly]] (enlarged spleen), severe [[headache]], cerebral [[ischemia]], [[hepatomegaly]] (enlarged liver), [[hypoglycemia]], and hemoglobinuria with [[renal failure]] may occur.
* Consequences of severe malaria include [[coma]] and death if untreated—young children and pregnant women are especially vulnerable. [[Splenomegaly]] ([[enlarged spleen]]), severe [[headache]], cerebral [[ischemia]], [[hepatomegaly]] ([[enlarged liver]]), [[hypoglycemia]], and hemoglobinuria with [[renal failure]] may occur.
* Renal failure may cause [[blackwater fever]], where hemoglobin from lysed red blood cells leaks into the [[urine]].
* Renal failure may cause [[blackwater fever]], where hemoglobin from lysed red blood cells leaks into the [[urine]].



Revision as of 21:45, 20 December 2012

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Natural History

  • Severe malaria is almost exclusively caused by P. falciparum infection and usually arises 6-14 days after infection.[1]
  • Severe malaria can progress extremely rapidly and cause death within hours or days.[1] In the most severe cases of the disease fatality rates can exceed 20%, even with intensive care and treatment.[2]

Complications

Prognosis

  • In endemic areas, the overall fatality rate for all cases of malaria can be as high as one in ten.[3] Over the longer term, developmental impairments have been documented in children who have suffered episodes of severe malaria.[4]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Trampuz A, Jereb M, Muzlovic I, Prabhu R (2003). "Clinical review: Severe malaria". Crit Care. 7 (4): 315–23. PMID 12930555.
  2. Kain K, Harrington M, Tennyson S, Keystone J (1998). "Imported malaria: prospective analysis of problems in diagnosis and management". Clin Infect Dis. 27 (1): 142–9. PMID 9675468.
  3. Mockenhaupt F, Ehrhardt S, Burkhardt J, Bosomtwe S, Laryea S, Anemana S, Otchwemah R, Cramer J, Dietz E, Gellert S, Bienzle U (2004). "Manifestation and outcome of severe malaria in children in northern Ghana". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 71 (2): 167–72. PMID 15306705.
  4. Carter JA, Ross AJ, Neville BG, Obiero E, Katana K, Mung'ala-Odera V, Lees JA, Newton CR (2005). "Developmental impairments following severe falciparum malaria in children". Trop Med Int Health. 10: 3–10. PMID 15655008.

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