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| ==Staging== | | ==Staging== |
| The following stages are used for Laryngeal cancer cancer:<ref>Staging of Laryngeal cancer. http://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/laryngeal-treatment-pdq#section/_26</ref> | | The following stages are used for Laryngeal cancer cancer:<ref>Staging of Laryngeal cancer.<ref name="pmid28094848">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amin MB, Greene FL, Edge SB, Compton CC, Gershenwald JE, Brookland RK, Meyer L, Gress DM, Byrd DR, Winchester DP |title=The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more "personalized" approach to cancer staging |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=93–99 |date=March 2017 |pmid=28094848 |doi=10.3322/caac.21388 |url=}}</ref> |
| | http://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/laryngeal-treatment-pdq#section/_26</ref> |
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Revision as of 16:51, 10 January 2019
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
Overview
According to the TNM staging system, there are 5 stages of laryngeal cancer based on the tumor size, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis.
Staging
The following stages are used for Laryngeal cancer cancer:
http://www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/patient/laryngeal-treatment-pdq#section/_26</ref>
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Stage
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Features
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- Stage 0
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- Stage 1
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- Stage I laryngeal cancer depends on where cancer began in the larynx:
- Supraglottis: Cancer is in one area of the supraglottis only and the vocal cords can move normally
- Glottis: Cancer is in one or both vocal cords and the vocal cords can move normally
- Subglottis: Cancer is in the subglottis only
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- Stage 2
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- Stage II laryngeal cancer depends on location of cancer in the larynx:
- Supraglottis: Cancer is in more than one area of the supraglottis or surrounding tissues
- Glottis: Cancer has spread to the supraglottis and/or the subglottis and/or the vocal cords cannot move normally
- Subglottis: Cancer has spread to one or both vocal cords, which may not move normally
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- Stage 3
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- Stage III laryngeal cancer depends on whether cancer has spread from the supraglottis, glottis, or subglottis
- Stage III cancer of the supraglottis:
- Cancer is in the larynx only and the vocal cords cannot move
- Cancer may have spread to one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor and the lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller
- or
- Cancer is in one area of the supraglottis and in one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor
- The lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller and the vocal cords can move normally
- or
- Cancer is in more than one area of the supraglottis or surrounding tissues and in one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor
- The lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller
- Stage III cancer of the glottis:
- Cancer is in the larynx only and the vocal cords cannot move
- Cancer is in tissues next to the larynx
- Cancer may have spread to one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor and the lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller
- or
- Cancer is in one or both vocal cords and in one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor
- The lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller and the vocal cords can move normally
- or
- Cancer has spread to the supraglottis or the subglottis or the vocal cords cannot move normally
- Cancer has also spread to one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor and the lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller
- Stage III cancer of the subglottis:
- Cancer is in the larynx and the vocal cords cannot move
- Cancer may have spread to one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor and the lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller
- or
- Cancer is in the subglottis and in one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor
- The lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller
- or
- Cancer has spread to one or both vocal cords, which may not move normally
- Cancer has also spread to one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor and the lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller
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- Stage 4A
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- Cancer has spread through the thyroid cartilage and has spread to tissues beyond the larynx such as the neck, trachea, thyroid, or esophagus
- Cancer may have spread to one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor and the lymph node is 3 centimeters or smaller
- or
- Cancer has spread to one lymph node on the same side of the neck as the original tumor and the lymph node is larger than 3 centimeters but not larger than 6 centimeters or has spread to more than one lymph node anywhere in the neck with none larger than 6 centimeters
- Cancer may have spread to tissues beyond the larynx, such as the neck, trachea, thyroid, or esophagus
- The vocal cords may not move normally
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- Stage 4B
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- Cancer has spread to the space in front of the spinal column, surrounds the carotid artery, or has spread to parts of the chest
- Cancer may have spread to one or more lymph nodes anywhere in the neck and the lymph nodes may be any size
- or
- Cancer has spread to a lymph node that is larger than 6 centimeters and may have spread as far as the space in front of the spinal column, around the carotid artery, or to parts of the chest
- The vocal cords may not move normally
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- Stage 4C
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- Cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, liver, or bone
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TNM Staging
The staging of hypopharyngeal cancer is based on the TNM staging system.[1]
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Primary Tumor
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Description
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- TX
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- Primary tumor cannot be assessed
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- T0
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- No evidence of primary tumor
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- Tis
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- Carcinoma in situ/dysplasia (tumor size <0.5 mm), confined to mucosa
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- T1
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- Limited to 1 subsite
- Tumor size ≤ 2 cm in greatest dimension
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- T2
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- Extends into adjacent subsite or area (larynx, oropharynx)
- Tumor size between 2-4 cm in greatest dimension
- Clinically there must not be fixation of the hemilarynx
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- T3
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- Tumor size > 4cm
- Fixation to hemilarynx
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- T4
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- Direct invasion of one or more of the following:
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Nodal Involvement
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Description
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- NX
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- Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
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- N0
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- No regional lymph node metastasis
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- N1
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- Regional lymph node metastasis
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Distant Metastasis
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Description
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- M0
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- M1
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References