Jaundice historical perspective

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Jaundice Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Jaundice from other Conditions

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Chest X Ray

Electrocardiogram

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Jaundice historical perspective On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Jaundice historical perspective

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Jaundice historical perspective

CDC on Jaundice historical perspective

Jaundice historical perspective in the news

Blogs on Jaundice historical perspective

Directions to Hospitals Treating Jaundice

Risk calculators and risk factors for Jaundice historical perspective

Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Jaundice comes from the French word jaune, meaning yellow. It was once believed persons suffering from the medical condition jaundice saw everything as yellow, but this is not true. By extension, the jaundiced eye came to mean a prejudiced view, usually rather negative or critical. Alexander Pope, in 'An Essay on Criticism' (1711), wrote: "All seems infected that the infected spy, as all looks yellow to the jaundiced eye." [1]

Historical Perspective

As per the online etymology dictionary, ‘Jaundice’ has its origin in circa 1300AD in the Old French word ‘jaunis’ that meant ‘yellowness’, and the word ‘jaunis’ itself is derived from an earlier French word ‘jalnice.[2]

The concept of obstructive jaundice came up in the year 1935 with Whipple.[3]The terms infective hepatitis (in England) and infectious hepatitis (in USA) were first used in the years 1939 and 1943 respectively. Prior to this, jaundice as an adverse effect of vaccination was noted as early as 1885 by Lu¨hrman.[4]

McDonald, in the year 1908, suggested that jaundice may probably be caused by an agent much smaller than a bacterium.

World War II (WWII) threw open the field with regard to hepatitis. During WWII, it is estimated that approximately 16 million people were killed as a consequence of hepatitis.[5]

References

  1. From "The Dictionary of Cliches" by James Rogers (Ballantine Books, New York, 1985).
  2. "www.etymonline.com".
  3. van der Gaag NA, Kloek JJ, de Castro SM, Busch OR, van Gulik TM, Gouma DJ (2009). "Preoperative biliary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice: history and current status". J. Gastrointest. Surg. 13 (4): 814–20. doi:10.1007/s11605-008-0618-4. PMID 18726134.
  4. Thomas RE, Lorenzetti DL, Spragins W (2013). "Mortality and morbidity among military personnel and civilians during the 1930s and World War II from transmission of hepatitis during yellow fever vaccination: systematic review". Am J Public Health. 103 (3): e16–29. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.301158. PMC 3673520. PMID 23327242.
  5. Trepo C (2014). "A brief history of hepatitis milestones". Liver Int. 34 Suppl 1: 29–37. doi:10.1111/liv.12409. PMID 24373076.

Template:WH Template:WS