Iron deficiency anemia differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

	Iron deficiency anemia Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Iron deficiency anemia from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Iron deficiency anemia differential diagnosis On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Iron deficiency anemia differential diagnosis All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Iron deficiency anemia differential diagnosis
CDC on Iron deficiency anemia differential diagnosis
Iron deficiency anemia differential diagnosis in the news
Blogs on Iron deficiency anemia differential diagnosis
Directions to Hospitals Treating Iron deficiency anemia
Risk calculators and risk factors for Iron deficiency anemia differential diagnosis

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 20:05, 31 January 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]

Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing.

Overview

Iron deficiency anemia and Thalassemia Minor present with many of the same lab results. It is very important not to treat a patient with Thalassemia with an iron supplement as this can lead to hemochromatosis (accumulation of iron in the liver) A hemoglobin electrophoresis would provide useful evidence in distinguishing these two conditions, along with iron studies.

Differential Diagnosis

Disease	Genetics	Clinical manifestation					Lab findings
		History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/ Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Iron studies					Specific finding on blood smear
		History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/ Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Serum iron	Serum Tfr level	Transferrin or TIBC	Ferritin	Transferrin saturation	Specific finding on blood smear
Iron deficiency anemia^[1]	−	Menorrhagia GI loss GI surgery Pregnancy	Koilonychia Pica	Glossitis Cheilosis Dysphagia	−	−	Hypochromic	Microcytic	↑	Nl or ↓	Nl	Nl	↓	↑	↑	↓	↓↓↓	Central pallor
Iron deficiency anemia (early phase)^[2]	−	Pica Glossitis Cheilosis	Fatigue Headache	Koilonychia Conjunctival pallor Dry skin	−	−	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	↓	↑	↑	↓	↓	Pencil cells Elliptocytosis Hypochromasia
Lead poisoning^[3]	−	House painted with chipped paint	Burtonian lines Basophilic stippling Wrist drop Foot drop	Wrist drop Foot drop Burtonian lines	−	−	Hypochromic	Microcytic	Nl	Nl or ↓	Nl	Nl	Nl to ↓	Nl	Nl	Nl to ↓	−	RBCs retain aggregates of rRNA Basophilic stippling
Sideroblastic anemia^[4]	Defect in ALA synthase gene Autosomal dominant Autosomal recessive X-linked	Alcohol abuse Isoniazid use Chloramphenicol use Lead poisoning Idiopathic	Seborrheic dermatitis Glossy Tongue Tingling	Patient present with symptoms of Vitamin B6, copper deficiency symptoms	−	−	Hypochromic	Microcytic	Nl	Nl or ↓	Nl	Nl	↑	Nl	Nl to ↓	↑	−	Ringed sideroblasts
Disease	Genetics	History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/ Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Serum iron	Serum Tfr level	IBC	Ferritin	Transferrin saturation	Specific finding on blood smear
Anemia of chronic disease^[5]	−	Rheumatoid arthritis SLE Neoplasm Chronic kidney disease	Headache Shortness of breath	−	−	−	Hypochromic	Microcytic	Nl	Nl or ↓	Nl	↑	↓	Nl	↓	↑	−	NA
Thalassemia^[6]	α-thalassemia α- globin gene deletions Cis deletions Trans deletions β-thalassemia Point mutation in splice sites and promoter sequences	Associated with parvovirus B19	α-thalassemia Hydrops fetalis β-thalassemia Skeletal deformities Chipmunk facies	Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly	−	−	Hypochromic	Microcytic	Nl	Thalassemia trait: Nl or ↓ Thalassemia Syndromes: ↑	Nl	Nl	Nl to ↑	Nl	Nl	↑	Nl to ↑	Target cells Anisopoikilocytosis
G6PD deficiency^[7]	Defect in G6PD enzyme X-Linked recessive	History of using Sulfa drugs Antimalarials Fava Beans Infections	Back pain Hemoglobinuria	Back pain	+	Intrinsic	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↑ but usually causes resolution within 4-7 days	↓	↓	Nl to ↑	Nl	↑	↑	↑	RBC with Heinz bodies Bite cells Blister cells
Pyruvate kinase deficiency^[8]	Mutation in the PKLR and PKM gene Autosomal recessive	Gallstones	Hydrops fetalis Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia Iron overload Perinatal complications	Skin ulcers Splenomegaly	+	Intrinsic	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↑	↓	Nl	↑	Nl	Nl	↑	−	Prickle cells Polychromatophilic erythrocytes
Disease	Genetics	History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/ Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Serum iron	Serum Tfr level	IBC	Ferritin	Transferrin saturation	Specific finding on blood smear
Sickle cell anemia^[9]	Hbs point mutation causes a single amino acid replacement in β chain	High altitude Low Oxygen Acidosis African-American race Parvovirus B19 infection	Painful crisis Dactylitis Priapism Acute chest syndrome Avascular Necrosis Stroke Autosplenectomy Salmonella osteomyelitis	Dactylitis Priapism	+	Intrinsic	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↑	↓	Nl or moderately ↑	Nl	Nl	Nl or moderately ↑	↓	Nl	Increased erythropoiesis Howell-Jolly bodies Anisocytosis
HbC disease^[10]	Glutamic acid–to-lysine mutation in β-globin	Gallstone	Joint pains Increased risk of infections	Splenomegaly Cholelithiasis Avascular necrosis of the femoral head	+	Intrinsic	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	Nl	Nl	↓	−	Hemoglobin crystals inside RBCs Target cells
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria^[11]^[12]	PIGA gene mutations Impaired synthesis of GPI anchor for decay-accelerating factor	Associated with aplastic anemia Thrombosis	Fatigue Chest pain Dyspnea on exertion Headache	Chronic hemolysis Hepatomegaly Ascites Papilledema Skin nodules	+	Intrinsic	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↑	↓	Nl	↓	Nl	↑	↓	−	NA
Hereditary spherocytosis^[13]	Mutations in Ankyrin, Band 3, Protein 4.2, and spectrin	Associated with parvovirus B19 Cholelithiasis Megaloblastic crisis	Aplastic crisis	Splenomegaly	+	Intrinsic	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↑	↓	Nl	↓	Nl	↑	Nl	−	Small, round RBCs with less surface area and no central pallor
Disease	Genetics	History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/ Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Serum iron	Serum Tfr level	IBC	Ferritin	Transferrin saturation	Specific finding on blood smear
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia^[14]^[15]	−	Associated with DIC TTP HUS SLE HELLP syndrome Hypertensive emergency	Purpura Confusion Aphasia Diplopia	Numbness of an arm or hand Jaundice Pale conjunctiva	+	Extrinsic	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↑	↓	Nl	↓	Nl	−	↑	−	Helmet cells
Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia^[16]	Autoimmune	Associated with Prosthetic heart valves Aortic stenosis	Pallor Fatigue	Signs of anemia Complications of hemolysis Decreased vascular volume	+	Extrinsic	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↑	↓	Nl	↓	Nl	−	−	−	Spherocytes or schistocytes
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia^[17]	−	Associated with: SLE CLL Mycoplasma pneumonia	Painful blue fingers and toes on exposure to cold temperature Chest pain Chills Dizziness Tachycardia Headache Fatigue	Painful, blue fingers and toes with cold weather	+	Extrinsic	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↑	↓	Nl	↓	Nl	−	−	−	RBC agglutination
Aplastic anemia^[18]	Constitutive expression of Tbet Mutations in the perforin gene Mutations in SAP gene	Exposure to Radiation Drugs like Benzene, chloramphenicol, alkylating agents Viral infections like EBV, HIV, Hepatitis Fanconi anemia Idiopathic like Immune mediated, primary stem cell defect	Symptoms based on underlying condition	Short stature Cafe-au-lait spots Thumb defects Radial defects	−	−	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	↓	↓	Nl	↑	↓	Pancytopenia Fatty infiltration
Disease	Genetics	History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/ Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Serum iron	Serum Tfr level	IBC	Ferritin	Transferrin saturation	Specific finding on blood smear
Folate deficiency^[19]	Impaired DNA synthesis	Alcohol consumption History of using drugs like methotrexate, trimethoprim, and phenytoin Low socioeconomic groups with poor nutrition Older people Pregnant and lactating women	No neurological symptoms vs B12 deficiency Odynophagia Angular stomatitis	Glossitis Signs of heart failure Anencephaly and spina bifida	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	RBC macrocytosis Hypersegmented neutrophils Pancytopenia in severe cases
Vitamin B12 deficiency^[20]	Impaired DNA synthesis	Pernicious anemia Crohn's disease Gastrectomy Veganism Diphyllobothrium latum infection	Psychosis Insomnia Depression Cognitive slowing Restless leg syndrome	Neurological deficit Myelopathy Memory loss with reduced attention span Nystagmus Positive romberg sign Positive Lhermitte's sign	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	Senile neutrophil Anisocytosis Ovalocytes
Orotic aciduria^[21]	Autosomal recessive Deficiency of enzyme UMPS	Episodic vomiting Rhabdomyolysis	Coma Gastrointestinal manifestation	Neurological manifestation	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	NA
Fanconi anemia^[22]	Autosomal recessive X-linked recessive	History of anemia at age 16	Hypopigmentation Cafe-au-lait patches Radial ray anomaly	Significant for bilateral short thumbs	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	Nl appearing WBC, RBC and Platelets But the number is greatly reduced
Disease	Genetics	History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/ Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Serum iron	Serum Tfr level	IBC	Ferritin	Transferrin saturation	Specific finding on blood smear
Diamond-Blackfan anemia^[23]	Mutations in: RPL5 RPL11 RPL35A RPS7 RPS10 RPS17 RPS19 RPS24 RPS26	Associated with myelodysplastic syndrome Increased risk of AML	Pale skin Sleepiness Heart murmurs	Triphalangeal thumbs Short stature Microcephaly Hypertelorism Ptosis Micrognathia	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	Nl	↓	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	NA
Infections^[24]	−	Associated with Malaria Babesia	Fever	Fever Signs of shock Headache	+	Extrinsic	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	↑	↓	Nl	Nl	Nl	−	−	−	Trophozoite Maltese crosses
Chronic kidney disease^[25]	−	Pericarditis Encephalopathy Rectal incontinence Decreased libido Restless leg syndrome	Polyuria Hematuria Edema	Hypertension	−	−	Normochromic	Normocytic	↑	Nl/↑	Nl	↑	↓	−	↓	↑	↓	Nl
Liver disease^[26]	−	Hepatitis Binge drinking Gall bladder disease	Jaundice Abdominal pain Itchy skin	Ascites Right upper quadrant pain Hepatomegaly Swelling in the legs Ankle swelling	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↑	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	Round macrocytes Target macrocytes
Alcoholism^[27]	−	History of increased alcohol intake Folic acid deficiency	Memory impairment Nausea Sweating	Truncal obesity Asterixis Encephalopathy Spider angiomas Hematemesis Gynecomastia	−	−	Anisochromic	Macrocytic	↑	↑	Nl	Nl	↑	↑	↓	↑	↑	Oval macrocytes Hypersegmented neutrophils
Disease	Genetics	History	Symptoms	Signs	Hemolysis	Intrinsic/ Extrinsic	Hb concentration	MCV	RDW	Reticulocytosis	Haptoglobin levels	Hepcidin	Serum iron	Serum Tfr level	IBC	Ferritin	Transferrin saturation	Specific finding on blood smear

References

↑ Camaschella C (May 2015). "Iron-deficiency anemia". N. Engl. J. Med. 372 (19): 1832–43. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1401038. PMID 25946282.
↑ De Andrade Cairo RC, Rodrigues Silva L, Carneiro Bustani N, Ferreira Marques CD (June 2014). "Iron deficiency anemia in adolescents; a literature review". Nutr Hosp. 29 (6): 1240–9. doi:10.3305/nh.2014.29.6.7245. PMID 24972460.
↑ Bain BJ (December 2014). "Lead poisoning". Am. J. Hematol. 89 (12): 1141. doi:10.1002/ajh.23852. PMID 25220013.
↑ Bottomley SS, Fleming MD (August 2014). "Sideroblastic anemia: diagnosis and management". Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 28 (4): 653–70, v. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2014.04.008. PMID 25064706.
↑ Roy CN (2010). "Anemia of inflammation". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2010: 276–80. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.276. PMID 21239806.
↑ Zainal NZ, Alauddin H, Ahmad S, Hussin NH (December 2014). "α-Thalassemia with Haemoglobin Adana mutation: prenatal diagnosis". Malays J Pathol. 36 (3): 207–11. PMID 25500521.
↑ Luzzatto L, Seneca E (February 2014). "G6PD deficiency: a classic example of pharmacogenetics with on-going clinical implications". Br. J. Haematol. 164 (4): 469–80. doi:10.1111/bjh.12665. PMC 4153881. PMID 24372186.
↑ Grace RF, Zanella A, Neufeld EJ, Morton DH, Eber S, Yaish H, Glader B (September 2015). "Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency: 2015 status report". Am. J. Hematol. 90 (9): 825–30. doi:10.1002/ajh.24088. PMC 5053227. PMID 26087744.
↑ Singh PC, Ballas SK (March 2015). "Emerging drugs for sickle cell anemia". Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 20 (1): 47–61. doi:10.1517/14728214.2015.985587. PMID 25431087.
↑ Lemonne N, Billaud M, Waltz X, Romana M, Hierso R, Etienne-Julan M, Connes P (2016). "Rheology of red blood cells in patients with HbC disease". Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 61 (4): 571–7. doi:10.3233/CH-141906. PMID 25335812.
↑ Bunyaratvej A, Butthep P (January 1992). "Cytometric analysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes". J Med Assoc Thai. 75 Suppl 1: 237–42. PMID 1402472.
↑ Kahng J, Kim Y, Kim JO, Koh K, Lee JW, Han K (January 2015). "A novel marker for screening paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria using routine complete blood count and cell population data". Ann Lab Med. 35 (1): 35–40. doi:10.3343/alm.2015.35.1.35. PMC 4272963. PMID 25553278.
↑ Da Costa L, Galimand J, Fenneteau O, Mohandas N (July 2013). "Hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, and other red cell membrane disorders". Blood Rev. 27 (4): 167–78. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2013.04.003. PMID 23664421.
↑ Morishita E (July 2015). "[Diagnosis and treatment of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]". Rinsho Ketsueki (in Japanese). 56 (7): 795–806. doi:10.11406/rinketsu.56.795. PMID 26251142.
↑ George JN, Charania RS (March 2013). "Evaluation of patients with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia". Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 39 (2): 153–60. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1333538. PMID 23390027.
↑ Westphal RG, Azen EA (May 1971). "Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia due to congenital cardiovascular anomalies". JAMA. 216 (9): 1477–8. PMID 5108522.
↑ Hill QA (October 2015). "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia". Hematology. 20 (9): 553–4. doi:10.1179/1024533215Z.000000000401. PMID 26447931.
↑ Dolberg OJ, Levy Y (2014). "Idiopathic aplastic anemia: diagnosis and classification". Autoimmun Rev. 13 (4–5): 569–73. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.014. PMID 24424170.
↑ Koike H, Takahashi M, Ohyama K, Hashimoto R, Kawagashira Y, Iijima M, Katsuno M, Doi H, Tanaka F, Sobue G (March 2015). "Clinicopathologic features of folate-deficiency neuropathy". Neurology. 84 (10): 1026–33. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001343. PMID 25663227.
↑ Hunt A, Harrington D, Robinson S (September 2014). "Vitamin B12 deficiency". BMJ. 349: g5226. PMID 25189324.
↑ Grohmann K, Lauffer H, Lauenstein P, Hoffmann GF, Seidlitz G (April 2015). "Hereditary orotic aciduria with epilepsy and without megaloblastic anemia". Neuropediatrics. 46 (2): 123–5. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1547341. PMID 25757096.
↑ Alter BP (2014). "Fanconi anemia and the development of leukemia". Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 27 (3–4): 214–21. doi:10.1016/j.beha.2014.10.002. PMC 4254647. PMID 25455269.
↑ Vlachos A, Blanc L, Lipton JM (June 2014). "Diamond Blackfan anemia: a model for the translational approach to understanding human disease". Expert Rev Hematol. 7 (3): 359–72. doi:10.1586/17474086.2014.897923. PMID 24665981.
↑ Bustinduy AL, Parraga IM, Thomas CL, Mungai PL, Mutuku F, Muchiri EM, Kitron U, King CH (March 2013). "Impact of polyparasitic infections on anemia and undernutrition among Kenyan children living in a Schistosoma haematobium-endemic area". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 88 (3): 433–40. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0552. PMC 3592521. PMID 23324217.
↑ Drawz P, Rahman M (June 2015). "Chronic kidney disease". Ann. Intern. Med. 162 (11): ITC1–16. doi:10.7326/AITC201506020. PMID 26030647.
↑ Marks PW (July 2013). "Hematologic manifestations of liver disease". Semin. Hematol. 50 (3): 216–21. doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.06.003. PMID 23953338.
↑ Yokoyama A, Yokoyama T, Brooks PJ, Mizukami T, Matsui T, Kimura M, Matsushita S, Higuchi S, Maruyama K (May 2014). "Macrocytosis, macrocytic anemia, and genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in Japanese alcoholic men". Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 38 (5): 1237–46. doi:10.1111/acer.12372. PMID 24588059.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid25946282-1] Camaschella C (May 2015). "Iron-deficiency anemia". N. Engl. J. Med. 372 (19): 1832–43. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1401038. PMID 25946282.

[pmid24972460-2] De Andrade Cairo RC, Rodrigues Silva L, Carneiro Bustani N, Ferreira Marques CD (June 2014). "Iron deficiency anemia in adolescents; a literature review". Nutr Hosp. 29 (6): 1240–9. doi:10.3305/nh.2014.29.6.7245. PMID 24972460.

[pmid25220013-3] Bain BJ (December 2014). "Lead poisoning". Am. J. Hematol. 89 (12): 1141. doi:10.1002/ajh.23852. PMID 25220013.

[pmid25064706-4] Bottomley SS, Fleming MD (August 2014). "Sideroblastic anemia: diagnosis and management". Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 28 (4): 653–70, v. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2014.04.008. PMID 25064706.

[pmid21239806-5] Roy CN (2010). "Anemia of inflammation". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2010: 276–80. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.276. PMID 21239806.

[pmid25500521-6] Zainal NZ, Alauddin H, Ahmad S, Hussin NH (December 2014). "α-Thalassemia with Haemoglobin Adana mutation: prenatal diagnosis". Malays J Pathol. 36 (3): 207–11. PMID 25500521.

[pmid24372186-7] Luzzatto L, Seneca E (February 2014). "G6PD deficiency: a classic example of pharmacogenetics with on-going clinical implications". Br. J. Haematol. 164 (4): 469–80. doi:10.1111/bjh.12665. PMC 4153881. PMID 24372186.

[pmid26087744-8] Grace RF, Zanella A, Neufeld EJ, Morton DH, Eber S, Yaish H, Glader B (September 2015). "Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency: 2015 status report". Am. J. Hematol. 90 (9): 825–30. doi:10.1002/ajh.24088. PMC 5053227. PMID 26087744.

[pmid25431087-9] Singh PC, Ballas SK (March 2015). "Emerging drugs for sickle cell anemia". Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 20 (1): 47–61. doi:10.1517/14728214.2015.985587. PMID 25431087.

[pmid25335812-10] Lemonne N, Billaud M, Waltz X, Romana M, Hierso R, Etienne-Julan M, Connes P (2016). "Rheology of red blood cells in patients with HbC disease". Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 61 (4): 571–7. doi:10.3233/CH-141906. PMID 25335812.

[pmid1402472-11] Bunyaratvej A, Butthep P (January 1992). "Cytometric analysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes". J Med Assoc Thai. 75 Suppl 1: 237–42. PMID 1402472.

[pmid25553278-12] Kahng J, Kim Y, Kim JO, Koh K, Lee JW, Han K (January 2015). "A novel marker for screening paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria using routine complete blood count and cell population data". Ann Lab Med. 35 (1): 35–40. doi:10.3343/alm.2015.35.1.35. PMC 4272963. PMID 25553278.

[pmid23664421-13] Da Costa L, Galimand J, Fenneteau O, Mohandas N (July 2013). "Hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, and other red cell membrane disorders". Blood Rev. 27 (4): 167–78. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2013.04.003. PMID 23664421.

[pmid26251142-14] Morishita E (July 2015). "[Diagnosis and treatment of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]". Rinsho Ketsueki (in Japanese). 56 (7): 795–806. doi:10.11406/rinketsu.56.795. PMID 26251142.

[pmid23390027-15] George JN, Charania RS (March 2013). "Evaluation of patients with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia". Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 39 (2): 153–60. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1333538. PMID 23390027.

[pmid5108522-16] Westphal RG, Azen EA (May 1971). "Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia due to congenital cardiovascular anomalies". JAMA. 216 (9): 1477–8. PMID 5108522.

[pmid26447931-17] Hill QA (October 2015). "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia". Hematology. 20 (9): 553–4. doi:10.1179/1024533215Z.000000000401. PMID 26447931.

[pmid24424170-18] Dolberg OJ, Levy Y (2014). "Idiopathic aplastic anemia: diagnosis and classification". Autoimmun Rev. 13 (4–5): 569–73. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.014. PMID 24424170.

[pmid25663227-19] Koike H, Takahashi M, Ohyama K, Hashimoto R, Kawagashira Y, Iijima M, Katsuno M, Doi H, Tanaka F, Sobue G (March 2015). "Clinicopathologic features of folate-deficiency neuropathy". Neurology. 84 (10): 1026–33. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001343. PMID 25663227.

[pmid25189324-20] Hunt A, Harrington D, Robinson S (September 2014). "Vitamin B12 deficiency". BMJ. 349: g5226. PMID 25189324.

[pmid25757096-21] Grohmann K, Lauffer H, Lauenstein P, Hoffmann GF, Seidlitz G (April 2015). "Hereditary orotic aciduria with epilepsy and without megaloblastic anemia". Neuropediatrics. 46 (2): 123–5. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1547341. PMID 25757096.

[pmid25455269-22] Alter BP (2014). "Fanconi anemia and the development of leukemia". Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 27 (3–4): 214–21. doi:10.1016/j.beha.2014.10.002. PMC 4254647. PMID 25455269.

[pmid24665981-23] Vlachos A, Blanc L, Lipton JM (June 2014). "Diamond Blackfan anemia: a model for the translational approach to understanding human disease". Expert Rev Hematol. 7 (3): 359–72. doi:10.1586/17474086.2014.897923. PMID 24665981.

[pmid23324217-24] Bustinduy AL, Parraga IM, Thomas CL, Mungai PL, Mutuku F, Muchiri EM, Kitron U, King CH (March 2013). "Impact of polyparasitic infections on anemia and undernutrition among Kenyan children living in a Schistosoma haematobium-endemic area". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 88 (3): 433–40. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.12-0552. PMC 3592521. PMID 23324217.

[pmid26030647-25] Drawz P, Rahman M (June 2015). "Chronic kidney disease". Ann. Intern. Med. 162 (11): ITC1–16. doi:10.7326/AITC201506020. PMID 26030647.

[pmid23953338-26] Marks PW (July 2013). "Hematologic manifestations of liver disease". Semin. Hematol. 50 (3): 216–21. doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.06.003. PMID 23953338.

[pmid24588059-27] Yokoyama A, Yokoyama T, Brooks PJ, Mizukami T, Matsui T, Kimura M, Matsushita S, Higuchi S, Maruyama K (May 2014). "Macrocytosis, macrocytic anemia, and genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in Japanese alcoholic men". Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 38 (5): 1237–46. doi:10.1111/acer.12372. PMID 24588059.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ==Differential Diagnosis==
+{|
+! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
+! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
+! colspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestation
+! colspan="12" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
+|-
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/
+Extrinsic
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+! colspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Iron studies
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
+|-
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin or TIBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | Transferrin saturation
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Iron deficiency anemia]]<ref name="pmid25946282">{{cite journal |vauthors=Camaschella C |title=Iron-deficiency anemia |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=372 |issue=19 |pages=1832–43 |date=May 2015 |pmid=25946282 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1401038 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Menorrhagia]]
+* [[GI]] loss
+* [[Gastrointestinal tract|GI]] surgery
+* [[Pregnancy]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Koilonychia]]
+* [[Pica]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Glossitis]]
+* [[Cheilosis]]
+* [[Dysphagia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Hypochromic anemia|Hypochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl or ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓↓↓
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Central [[pallor]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Iron deficiency anemia]] (early phase)<ref name="pmid24972460">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Andrade Cairo RC, Rodrigues Silva L, Carneiro Bustani N, Ferreira Marques CD |title=Iron deficiency anemia in adolescents; a literature review |journal=Nutr Hosp |volume=29 |issue=6 |pages=1240–9 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24972460 |doi=10.3305/nh.2014.29.6.7245 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Pica]]
+* [[Glossitis]]
+* [[Angular cheilitis|Cheilosis]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Fatigue]]
+* [[Headache]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Koilonychia]]
+* Conjunctival [[pallor]]
+* [[Xeroderma|Dry skin]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Pencil [[Cell (biology)|cells]]
+* [[Hereditary elliptocytosis|Elliptocytosis]]
+* Hypochromasia
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lead poisoning]]<ref name="pmid25220013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bain BJ |title=Lead poisoning |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=89 |issue=12 |pages=1141 |date=December 2014 |pmid=25220013 |doi=10.1002/ajh.23852 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* House painted with chipped paint
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Burtonian lines
+* [[Basophilic]] [[Stippling (dentistry)|stippling]]
+* [[Wrist drop]]
+* [[Foot drop]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Wrist drop]]
+* [[Foot drop]]
+* Burtonian lines
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Intravascular|Hypochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl or ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl to ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl to ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Red blood cell|RBCs]] retain aggregates of [[Ribosomal RNA|rRNA]]
+* Basophilic stippling
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sideroblastic anemia]]<ref name="pmid25064706">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bottomley SS, Fleming MD |title=Sideroblastic anemia: diagnosis and management |journal=Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=653–70, v |date=August 2014 |pmid=25064706 |doi=10.1016/j.hoc.2014.04.008 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Defect in [[ALA synthase]] gene
+* [[Autosomal dominant]]
+* [[Autosomal recessive]]
+* [[X-linked]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Alcohol]] abuse
+* [[Isoniazid]] use
+* [[Chloramphenicol]] use
+* Lead poisoning
+* [[Idiopathic]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Seborrheic dermatitis]]
+* Glossy Tongue
+* [[Tingling]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Patient present with symptoms of [[Vitamin B6]], [[copper deficiency]] symptoms
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Hypochromic anemia|Hypochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl or ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl to ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Ringed [[Sideroblastic|sideroblasts]]
+|-
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/
+Extrinsic
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Anemia of chronic disease]]<ref name="pmid21239806">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roy CN |title=Anemia of inflammation |journal=Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program |volume=2010 |issue= |pages=276–80 |date=2010 |pmid=21239806 |doi=10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.276 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
+* [[SLE]]
+* [[Neoplasm]]
+* [[Chronic kidney disease]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Headache]]
+* [[Shortness of breath]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Hypochromic anemia|Hypochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl or ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thalassemia]]<ref name="pmid25500521">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zainal NZ, Alauddin H, Ahmad S, Hussin NH |title=α-Thalassemia with Haemoglobin Adana mutation: prenatal diagnosis |journal=Malays J Pathol |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=207–11 |date=December 2014 |pmid=25500521 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | '''[[Thalassemia|α-thalassemia]]'''
+* '''''α'''''- globin gene deletions
+* [[Cis]] deletions
+* [[Trans]] deletions
+'''[[Thalassemia|β-thalassemia]]'''
+* [[Point mutation]] in [[Splice site|splice sites]] and promoter sequences
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Associated with [[parvovirus B19]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Thalassemia|'''α-thalassemia''']]
+* [[Hydrops fetalis]]
+[[Thalassemia|'''β-thalassemia''']]
+* [[Skeletal]] deformities
+* Chipmunk facies
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Hepatomegaly]]
+* [[Splenomegaly]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Hypochromic anemia|Hypochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Thalassemia trait: Nl or ↓
+* Thalassemia Syndromes: ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl to ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl to ↑
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Target cell|Target cells]]
+* Anisopoikilocytosis
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency|G6PD deficiency]]<ref name="pmid24372186">{{cite journal |vauthors=Luzzatto L, Seneca E |title=G6PD deficiency: a classic example of pharmacogenetics with on-going clinical implications |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=164 |issue=4 |pages=469–80 |date=February 2014 |pmid=24372186 |pmc=4153881 |doi=10.1111/bjh.12665 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Defect in [[Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase|G6PD]] enzyme
+* X-Linked [[recessive]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* History of using
+** [[Sulfonamide (medicine)|Sulfa drugs]]
+** [[Antimalarial drug|Antimalarials]]
+** [[Fava bean|Fava Beans]]
+* [[Infection|Infections]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Back pain]]
+* [[Hemoglobinuria]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Back pain]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Intrinsic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑ but usually causes resolution within 4-7 days
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl to ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Red blood cell|RBC]] with [[Heinz bodies]]
+* Bite [[Cell (biology)|cells]]
+* Blister [[Cell (biology)|cells]]
+*
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Pyruvate kinase deficiency]]<ref name="pmid26087744">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grace RF, Zanella A, Neufeld EJ, Morton DH, Eber S, Yaish H, Glader B |title=Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency: 2015 status report |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=90 |issue=9 |pages=825–30 |date=September 2015 |pmid=26087744 |pmc=5053227 |doi=10.1002/ajh.24088 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Mutation]] in the ''[[PKLR]]'' and ''[[PKM2|PKM]]'' gene
+* [[Autosomal recessive]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Gallstones]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Hydrops fetalis]]
+* [[Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia]]
+* [[Iron overload]]
+* [[Perinatal]] complications
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Skin [[ulcers]]
+* [[Splenomegaly]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Intrinsic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Prickle [[cells]]
+* Polychromatophilic [[erythrocytes]]
+|-
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/
+Extrinsic
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sickle-cell disease|Sickle cell anemia]]<ref name="pmid25431087">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh PC, Ballas SK |title=Emerging drugs for sickle cell anemia |journal=Expert Opin Emerg Drugs |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=47–61 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25431087 |doi=10.1517/14728214.2015.985587 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Hbs [[point mutation]] causes a single [[Amino acid|amino acid]] replacement in β chain
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[High altitude]]
+* Low [[Oxygen]]
+* [[Acidosis]]
+* African-American race
+* [[Parvovirus B19]] infection
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Painful crisis
+** [[Dactylitis]]
+** [[Priapism]]
+** [[Acute chest syndrome]]
+** [[Avascular necrosis|Avascular Necrosis]]
+** [[Stroke]]
+* [[Autosplenectomy]]
+* [[Salmonella|Salmonella osteomyelitis]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Dactylitis]]
+* [[Priapism]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Intrinsic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl or moderately ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl or moderately ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Increased [[erythropoiesis]]
+* [[Howell-Jolly bodies]]
+* [[Anisocytosis]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |HbC disease<ref name="pmid25335812">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lemonne N, Billaud M, Waltz X, Romana M, Hierso R, Etienne-Julan M, Connes P |title=Rheology of red blood cells in patients with HbC disease |journal=Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=571–7 |date=2016 |pmid=25335812 |doi=10.3233/CH-141906 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Glutamic acid–to-lysine [[mutation]] in β-globin
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Gallstone]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Joint pains]]
+* Increased risk of [[Infection|infections]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Splenomegaly]]
+* [[Gallstone disease|Cholelithiasis]]
+* [[Avascular necrosis|Avascular necrosis of the femoral head]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Intrinsic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Hemoglobin crystals inside [[RBCs]]
+* [[Target cell|Target cells]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]]<ref name="pmid1402472">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bunyaratvej A, Butthep P |title=Cytometric analysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes |journal=J Med Assoc Thai |volume=75 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=237–42 |date=January 1992 |pmid=1402472 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25553278">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kahng J, Kim Y, Kim JO, Koh K, Lee JW, Han K |title=A novel marker for screening paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria using routine complete blood count and cell population data |journal=Ann Lab Med |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=35–40 |date=January 2015 |pmid=25553278 |pmc=4272963 |doi=10.3343/alm.2015.35.1.35 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[PIGA]] gene mutations
+* Impaired  synthesis of [[GPI anchor]] for [[decay-accelerating  factor]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Associated with [[aplastic anemia]]
+* [[Thrombosis]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Fatigue]]
+* [[Chest pain]]
+* [[Dyspnea]] on exertion
+* [[Headache]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Hemolysis|Chronic hemolysis]]
+* [[Hepatomegaly]]
+* [[Ascites]]
+* [[Papilledema]]
+* Skin nodules
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Intrinsic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hereditary spherocytosis]]<ref name="pmid23664421">{{cite journal |vauthors=Da Costa L, Galimand J, Fenneteau O, Mohandas N |title=Hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, and other red cell membrane disorders |journal=Blood Rev. |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=167–78 |date=July 2013 |pmid=23664421 |doi=10.1016/j.blre.2013.04.003 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Mutations]] in [[Ankyrin]], [[Band 3]], [[Protein 4.2]], and [[spectrin]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Associated with [[parvovirus B19]]
+* [[Cholelithiasis]]
+* Megaloblastic crisis
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Aplastic crisis]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Splenomegaly]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Intrinsic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Small, round [[Red blood cell|RBC]]s with less surface area and no central pallor
+|-
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/
+Extrinsic
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]]<ref name="pmid26251142">{{cite journal |vauthors=Morishita E |title=[Diagnosis and treatment of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia] |language=Japanese |journal=Rinsho Ketsueki |volume=56 |issue=7 |pages=795–806 |date=July 2015 |pmid=26251142 |doi=10.11406/rinketsu.56.795 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23390027">{{cite journal |vauthors=George JN, Charania RS |title=Evaluation of patients with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia |journal=Semin. Thromb. Hemost. |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=153–60 |date=March 2013 |pmid=23390027 |doi=10.1055/s-0032-1333538 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Associated with
+* [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation|DIC]]
+* [[TTP]]
+* [[Hemolytic-uremic syndrome|HUS]]
+* [[SLE]]
+* [[HELLP syndrome]]
+* [[Hypertensive crisis|Hypertensive emergency]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Purpura]]
+* [[Confusion]]
+* [[Aphasia]]
+* [[Diplopia]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Paresthesia|Numbness]] of an arm or hand
+* [[Jaundice]]
+* [[Pallor|Pale conjunctiva]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Extrinsic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Helmet cells
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia<ref name="pmid5108522">{{cite journal |vauthors=Westphal RG, Azen EA |title=Macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia due to congenital cardiovascular anomalies |journal=JAMA |volume=216 |issue=9 |pages=1477–8 |date=May 1971 |pmid=5108522 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Autoimmunity|Autoimmune]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Associated with
+* [[Artificial heart valve|Prosthetic heart valves]]
+* [[Aortic stenosis]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Pallor]]
+* [[Fatigue]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Signs of [[anemia]]
+* Complications of [[hemolysis]]
+* Decreased vascular volume
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Extrinsic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Spherocytosis|Spherocytes]] or [[Red blood cell|schistocytes]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Autoimmune  hemolytic anemia]]<ref name="pmid26447931">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hill QA |title=Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |journal=Hematology |volume=20 |issue=9 |pages=553–4 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26447931 |doi=10.1179/1024533215Z.000000000401 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Associated with:
+* [[SLE]]
+* [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia|CLL]]
+* [[Mycoplasma pneumonia]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Painful blue fingers and toes on exposure to cold temperature
+* [[Chest pain]]
+* [[Rigor|Chills]]
+* [[Dizziness]]
+* [[Tachycardia]]
+* [[Headache]]
+* [[Fatigue]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Painful, blue fingers and toes with cold weather
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Extrinsic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Red blood cell|RBC]] agglutination
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Aplastic anemia]]<ref name="pmid24424170">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dolberg OJ, Levy Y |title=Idiopathic aplastic anemia: diagnosis and classification |journal=Autoimmun Rev |volume=13 |issue=4-5 |pages=569–73 |date=2014 |pmid=24424170 |doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.014 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Constitutive expression of Tbet
+* [[Mutation|Mutations]] in the [[perforin]] gene
+* Mutations in ''SAP'' gene
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Exposure to [[Radiation]]
+* Drugs like [[Benzene]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[Alkylating agent|alkylating agents]]
+* Viral infections like [[EBV]], [[HIV]], [[Hepatitis]]
+* [[Fanconi anemia]]
+* Idiopathic like [[Immune]] mediated, primary stem cell defect
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Symptoms based on underlying condition
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Short stature
+* [[Cafe-au-lait spots]]
+* Thumb defects
+* [[Radius (bone)|Radial]] defects
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Pancytopenia]]
+* Fatty [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]]
+|-
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/
+Extrinsic
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Folate deficiency]]<ref name="pmid25663227">{{cite journal |vauthors=Koike H, Takahashi M, Ohyama K, Hashimoto R, Kawagashira Y, Iijima M, Katsuno M, Doi H, Tanaka F, Sobue G |title=Clinicopathologic features of folate-deficiency neuropathy |journal=Neurology |volume=84 |issue=10 |pages=1026–33 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25663227 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0000000000001343 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Impaired [[DNA]] synthesis
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Long-term effects of alcohol|Alcohol consumption]]
+* History of using drugs like [[methotrexate]], [[trimethoprim]], and [[phenytoin]]
+* Low socioeconomic groups with poor nutrition
+* Older people
+* [[Pregnancy|Pregnant]] and [[lactating]] women
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* No neurological symptoms vs [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|B12 deficiency]]
+* [[Odinophagia|Odynophagia]]
+* [[Stomatitis|Angular stomatitis]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Glossitis]]
+* Signs of [[Congestive heart failure|heart failure]]
+* [[Anencephaly]] and [[spina bifida]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Macrocytosis|RBC macrocytosis]]
+* [[Neutrophil|Hypersegmented neutrophils]]
+* [[Pancytopenia]] in severe cases
+*
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]<ref name="pmid25189324">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hunt A, Harrington D, Robinson S |title=Vitamin B12 deficiency |journal=BMJ |volume=349 |issue= |pages=g5226 |date=September 2014 |pmid=25189324 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Impaired [[DNA synthesis]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Pernicious anemia]]
+* [[Crohn's disease]]
+* [[Gastrectomy]]
+* [[Vegan|Veganism]]
+* [[Diphyllobothrium|Diphyllobothrium latum]] infection
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Psychosis]]
+* [[Insomnia]]
+* [[Depression]]
+* Cognitive slowing
+* [[Restless leg syndrome]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Neurological deficit
+* [[Myelopathy]]
+* [[Memory loss]] with reduced attention span
+* [[Nystagmus]]
+* Positive [[Romberg test|romberg sign]]
+* Positive [[Lhermitte's sign]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Senile]] [[neutrophil]]
+* [[Anisocytosis]]
+* [[Ovalocytosis|Ovalocytes]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Orotic aciduria]]<ref name="pmid25757096">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grohmann K, Lauffer H, Lauenstein P, Hoffmann GF, Seidlitz G |title=Hereditary orotic aciduria with epilepsy and without megaloblastic anemia |journal=Neuropediatrics |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=123–5 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25757096 |doi=10.1055/s-0035-1547341 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Autosomal recessive]]
+* Deficiency of enzyme [[Uridine monophosphate synthetase|UMPS]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Episodic [[Nausea and vomiting|vomiting]]
+* [[Rhabdomyolysis]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Coma]]
+* [[Gastrointestinal tract|Gastrointestinal]] manifestation
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Neurological manifestation
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Fanconi anemia]]<ref name="pmid25455269">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alter BP |title=Fanconi anemia and the development of leukemia |journal=Best Pract Res Clin Haematol |volume=27 |issue=3-4 |pages=214–21 |date=2014 |pmid=25455269 |pmc=4254647 |doi=10.1016/j.beha.2014.10.002 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Autosomal recessive]]
+* [[X-linked recessive]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* History of [[anemia]] at age 16
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Hypopigmentation]]
+* [[Café au lait spot|Cafe-au-lait patches]]
+* Radial ray anomaly
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Significant for bilateral short thumbs
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Nl appearing [[White blood cells|WBC]], [[Red blood cell|RBC]] and [[Platelet|Platelets]]
+* But the number is greatly reduced
+|-
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/
+Extrinsic
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]]<ref name="pmid24665981">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vlachos A, Blanc L, Lipton JM |title=Diamond Blackfan anemia: a model for the translational approach to understanding human disease |journal=Expert Rev Hematol |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=359–72 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24665981 |doi=10.1586/17474086.2014.897923 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mutations in:
+* ''RPL5''
+* ''RPL11''
+* ''RPL35A''
+* ''RPS7''
+* ''RPS10''
+* ''RPS17''
+* ''RPS19''
+* ''RPS24''
+* ''RPS26''
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Associated with [[myelodysplastic syndrome]]
+* Increased risk of [[AML]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Pale skin]]
+* Sleepiness
+* [[Murmur|Heart murmurs]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Triphalangeal  thumbs
+* [[Short stature]]
+* [[Microcephaly]]
+* [[Hypertelorism]]
+* [[Ptosis]]
+* [[Micrognathia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Infection|Infections]]<ref name="pmid23324217">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bustinduy AL, Parraga IM, Thomas CL, Mungai PL, Mutuku F, Muchiri EM, Kitron U, King CH |title=Impact of polyparasitic infections on anemia and undernutrition among Kenyan children living in a Schistosoma haematobium-endemic area |journal=Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=433–40 |date=March 2013 |pmid=23324217 |pmc=3592521 |doi=10.4269/ajtmh.12-0552 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Associated with
+* [[Malaria]]
+* [[Babesia]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Fever]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Fever]]
+* Signs of [[shock]]
+* [[Headache]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Extrinsic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Trophozoite]]
+* Maltese crosses
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Chronic renal failure|Chronic kidney disease]]<ref name="pmid26030647">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drawz P, Rahman M |title=Chronic kidney disease |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=162 |issue=11 |pages=ITC1–16 |date=June 2015 |pmid=26030647 |doi=10.7326/AITC201506020 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Pericarditis]]
+* [[Encephalopathy]]
+* [[Incontinence|Rectal incontinence]]
+* Decreased [[libido]]
+* [[Restless legs syndrome|Restless leg syndrome]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Polyuria]]
+* [[Hematuria]]
+* [[Edema]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Hypertension]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Normochromic anemia|Normochromic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Normocytic anemia|Normocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl/↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hepato-biliary diseases|Liver disease]]<ref name="pmid23953338">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marks PW |title=Hematologic manifestations of liver disease |journal=Semin. Hematol. |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=216–21 |date=July 2013 |pmid=23953338 |doi=10.1053/j.seminhematol.2013.06.003 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Hepatitis]]
+* Binge drinking
+* Gall bladder disease
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Jaundice]]
+* [[Abdominal pain]]
+* [[Itchy skin]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Ascites]]
+* Right upper quadrant pain
+* [[Hepatomegaly]]
+* [[Edema|Swelling]] in the legs
+* [[Ankle swelling]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Macrocyte|Round macrocytes]]
+* [[Macrocyte|Target macrocytes]]
+|-
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Alcoholism]]<ref name="pmid24588059">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yokoyama A, Yokoyama T, Brooks PJ, Mizukami T, Matsui T, Kimura M, Matsushita S, Higuchi S, Maruyama K |title=Macrocytosis, macrocytic anemia, and genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in Japanese alcoholic men |journal=Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=1237–46 |date=May 2014 |pmid=24588059 |doi=10.1111/acer.12372 |url=}}</ref>
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* History of increased [[Effects of alcohol on the body|alcohol intake]]
+* [[Folic acid deficiency]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Memory impairment]]
+* [[Nausea]]
+* [[Sweating]]
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* Truncal [[obesity]]
+* [[Asterixis]]
+* [[Encephalopathy]]
+* [[Spider angiomas]]
+* [[Hematemesis]]
+* [[Gynecomastia]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Anisochromic
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Macrocytic anemia|Macrocytic]]
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↓
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+* [[Macrocyte|Oval macrocytes]]
+* [[Neutrophil|Hypersegmented neutrophils]]
+|-
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Disease
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Genetics
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hemolysis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Intrinsic/
+Extrinsic
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hb concentration
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |MCV
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |RDW
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Reticulocytosis
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Haptoglobin levels
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Hepcidin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum iron
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Serum Tfr level
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |IBC
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ferritin
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Transferrin saturation
+! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specific finding on blood smear
+|}
 ==References==

Iron deficiency anemia differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:05, 31 January 2019

Overview

Differential Diagnosis

References

Navigation menu