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| {{Search infobox}} | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{CMG}} {{RT}} | | '''For patient information on this topic, click [[indigestion (patient information)|here]].''' |
| | {{Indigestion}} |
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}} |
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| '''''Synonyms and keywords:''''' Dyspepsia
| | ==[[Indigestion overview|Overview]]== |
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| ==Overview== | | ==[[Indigestion historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== |
| '''Indigestion''' is a term used to describe a feeling of fullness or discomfort during or after a meal. It can be accompanied by burning or pain in the upper stomach. It is a condition that is frequently caused by eating too fast, especially by eating high-fat foods quickly. It is also called [[Dyspepsia]] or Stomach upset.There are many possible causes of Indigestion, of which some are related to lifestyle. The Rome III committee defined Indigestion / [[Dyspepsia]] as one or more of the following symptoms :
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| * Postprandial fullness (termed postprandial distress syndrome)
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| * Early satiation (meaning inability to finish a normal sized meal or postprandial fullness)
| | ==[[Indigestion classification|Classification]]== |
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| * Epigastric pain or burning (termed epigastric pain syndrome)
| | ==[[Indigestion pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== |
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| Discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, early fullness while eating, bloating, sense of fullness after eating are the usual symptoms expressed by the patients. Sometimes indigestion is accompanied by [[Heartburn]] which is a separate condition.
| | ==[[Indigestion causes|Causes]]== |
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| | ==[[Indigestion differential diagnosis|Differentiating Indigestion from other Conditions]]== |
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| | ==[[Indigestion risk factors|Risk Factors]]== |
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| ==Historical Perspective== | | ==[[Indigestion natural history|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]== |
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| | ==Diagnosis== |
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| | [[Indigestion history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Indigestion physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Indigestion laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Indigestion abdominal x ray|Abdominal X Ray]] | [[Indigestion CT|CT]] | [[indigestion MRI|MRI]] | [[Indigestion echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Indigestion other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Indigestion other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| | ==Treatment== |
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| ==Pathophysiology==
| | [[Indigestion medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Indigestion surgery|Surgery]] | [[Indigestion prevention|Prevention]] | [[Indigestion cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Indigestion future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] |
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
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| ==Risk Factors==
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| ==Screening==
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| ==Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Indigestion==
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| (Most common)
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| *[[Acid reflux]] / [[Heartburn]]
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| *[[Alcohol]]
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| *[[Aspirin]] and many other painkillers
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| *[[Duodenal ulcer]]
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| *[[Eating fatty foods]]
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| *[[Eating just before sleeping]]
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| *[[Eating spicy foods]]
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| *[[Eating too late in the evening]]
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| *[[Excess caffeine consumption]]
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| *[[Gastric ulcer]]
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| *[[Intestinal obstruction]]
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| *[[Malabsorption]]
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| *[[Obesity]]
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| (By organ system)
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| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular''' | |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone]], [[Amanita phalloides]], [[Smoking]], [[Sodium dichloroisocyanurate]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone]], [[Adefovir (patient information)]], [[acarbose]], [[Aspirin]] and many other painkillers, [[alendronate]], [[Atazanavir (patient information)]], [[Calcium channel blockers]], [[Cholestyramine (patient information)]], [[Cholestyramine Resin (patient information)]], [[Colofac]], [[Duloxetine]], [[erythromycin]], [[Efavirenz (patient information)]], [[Estrogen]] and [[Oral contraceptives]], [[Emtricitabine (patient information)]], [[Epoetin Alfa Injection (patient information)]], [[Fentanyl Skin Patches (patient information)]], [[Frovatriptan (patient information)]], [[Imatinib (patient information)]], [[Interferon Beta-1b Injection (patient information)]], [[Lithium (patient information)]], [[methylxanthines]], [[metronidazole ]], [[Meropenem Injection (patient information)]], [[Oxycodone]], [[orlistat]], [[Potassium]] supplements, [[Pergolide (patient information)]], [[Pramlintide injection (patient information)]], [[Quetiapine (patient information)]], [[Rivastigmine (patient information)]], [[Simvastatin]], [[Tadalafil]], [[Tiotropium Oral Inhalation (patient information)]], [[Steroid medications]], [[Thyroid medicines]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |- | |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carcinoid syndrome]], [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[hyperparathyroidism ]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Primary hyperparathyroidism]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Multiple chemical sensitivity]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |
| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achlorhydria]], [[Acid reflux]] / [[Heartburn]], [[Acute viral hepatitis]], [[Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]], [[Aerophagy]], [[Cholecystitis]], [[Chronic hepatitis]], Acute and chronic [[Pancreatitis]], [[Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Coeliac disease]], [[Colonic cancer]], [[Crohn's disease]], [[Duodenal cancer]], [[Duodenal lymphoma]], [[Duodenal polyps]], [[Duodenal ulcer]], [[Duodenal webs]], [[Duodenitis]], [[Esophageal carcinoma]], [[Esophagitis]], [[Gallstones]], [[Gastric cancer]], [[Gastric lymphoma]], [[Gastric motility disorder]], [[Gastric ulcer]], [[Gastritis]], [[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]], [[Gastrointestinal tumors]], [[Hiatus hernia]], [[Hypertrophic gastritis]], [[Intestinal motility disorder]], [[Intestinal obstruction]], [[Irritable bowel syndrome]], [[Malabsorption]], [[Ménétriér's disease]], [[Pancreatic cancer]], [[Peptic ulcers]], [[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]], [[Tropical sprue]], [[Ulcerative colitis]], [[Hepatoma]], [[Ischemic bowel disease]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amebic dysentery]], [[Fascioliasis]], [[Gastrointestinal mucormycosis]], [[Giardiasis]], [[H. Pylori]], [[Hookworm]], [[Opisthorchiasis]], [[Strongyloidiasis]], [[Syphilis]], [[Tuberculosis]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |- | |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autonomic neuropathy]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabulimia]], Eating fatty foods, Eating just before sleeping, Eating spicy foods, Eating too late in the evening, Excess alcohol consumption, Excess caffeine consumption, [[Garlic]], [[Indian gooseberry]], [[Overeating]], [[Suillus luteus]]
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ovarian cancer]], [[Extranodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue]], [[Colonic cancer]], [[Duodenal cancer]], [[Duodenal lymphoma]], [[Esophageal carcinoma]], [[Gastric cancer]], [[Gastric lymphoma]], [[Gastrointestinal tumors]], [[Pancreatic cancer]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Opthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Niacin]], [[Vitamin C]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes | |
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypercalcaemia]], [[Uremia]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Oral allergy syndrome]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Scleroderma]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Couvade]], [[Gulf War syndrome]], [[Alcohol]], [[Gas]], [[Stress]], [[Tobacco]], [[Obesity]], [[SSRI discontinuation syndrome]], [[Trichophagia]]
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| |-
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| |}
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| (In alphabetical order)
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| {{MultiCol}}
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| *[[4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone]]
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| *[[acarbose]]
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| *[[Achlorhydria]]
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| *[[Acid reflux]] / [[heartburn]]
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| *Acute and chronic [[Pancreatitis]]
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| *[[Acute viral hepatitis]]
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| *[[Adefovir (patient information)]]
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| *[[Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]]
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| *[[Aerophagy]]
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| *[[Alcohol]]
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| *[[alendronate]]
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| *[[Amanita phalloides]]
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| *[[Amebic dysentery]]
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| *[[Anxiety]]
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| *[[Aspirin]] and many other painkillers
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| *[[Atazanavir (patient information)]]
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| *[[Autonomic neuropathy]]
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| *[[Calcium channel blockers]]
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| *[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
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| *[[Cholecystitis]]
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| *[[Cholestyramine (patient information)]]
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| *[[Cholestyramine Resin (patient information)]]
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| *[[Chronic hepatitis]]
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| *[[Cirrhosis of liver]]
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| *[[Coeliac disease]]
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| *[[Colofac]]
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| *[[Colon cancer]]
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| *[[Couvade]]
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| *[[Crohn's disease]]
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| *[[Diabetes mellitus]]
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| *[[Diabulimia]]
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| *[[Duloxetine]]
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| *[[Duodenal cancer]]
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| *[[Duodenal lymphoma]]
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| *[[Duodenal polyps]]
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| *[[Duodenal ulcer]]
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| *[[Duodenal webs]]
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| *[[Duodenitis]]
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| *[[Eating fatty foods]]
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| *[[Eating just before sleeping]]
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| *[[Eating spicy foods]]
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| *[[Eating too late in the evening]]
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| *[[Efavirenz (patient information)]]
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| *[[Emtricitabine (patient information)]]
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| *[[Epoetin Alfa Injection (patient information)]]
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| *[[erythromycin]]
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| *[[Esophageal carcinoma]]
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| *[[Esophagitis]]
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| *[[Estrogen]] and [[Oral contraceptives]]
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| *[[Excess caffeine consumption]]
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| *[[Extranodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue]]
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| *[[Fascioliasis]]
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| *[[Fentanyl Skin Patches (patient information)]]
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| *[[Food intolerance]]
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| *[[Frovatriptan (patient information)]]
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| *[[Gallstones]]
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| *[[Garlic]]
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| *[[Gas]]
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| *[[Gastric cancer]]
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| *[[Gastric lymphoma]]
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| *[[Gastric motility disorder]]
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| *[[Gastric ulcer]]
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| *[[Gastritis]]
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| *[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Gastrointestinal mucormycosis]]
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| *[[Gastrointestinal tumors]]
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| *[[Giardiasis]]
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| *[[Gluten allergy]]
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| *[[Gulf War syndrome]]
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| *[[H. Pylori]]
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| *[[Hepatoma]]
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| *[[Hiatus hernia]]
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| *[[Hookworm]]
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| *[[Hypercalcaemia]]
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| *[[hyperparathyroidism ]]
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| *[[Hyperthyroidism]]
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| *[[Hypertrophic gastritis]]
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| *[[Imatinib (patient information)]]
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| *[[Indian gooseberry]]
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| *[[Interferon Beta-1b Injection (patient information)]]
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| *[[Intestinal motility disorder]]
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| *[[Intestinal obstruction]]
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| *[[Ischemic bowel disease]]
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| *[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
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| *[[Lithium (patient information)]]
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| *[[Malabsorption]]
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| *[[Ménétriér's disease]]
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| *[[Meropenem Injection (patient information)]]
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| *[[methylxanthines]]
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| *[[metronidazole ]]
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| *[[Multiple chemical sensitivity]]
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| *[[Niacin]]
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| *[[Obesity]]
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| *[[Opisthorchiasis]]
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| *[[Oral allergy syndrome]]
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| *[[orlistat]]
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| *[[Ovarian cancer]]
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| *[[Overeating]]
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| *[[Oxycodone and aspirin (patient information)]]
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| *[[Pancreatic cancer]]
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| *[[Pergolide (patient information)]]
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| *[[potassium supplements]]
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| *[[Pramlintide injection (patient information)]]
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| *[[Pregnancy]]
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| *[[Primary hyperparathyroidism]]
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| *[[Quetiapine (patient information)]]
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| *[[Rivastigmine (patient information)]]
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| *[[Sarcoidosis]]
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| *[[Scleroderma]]
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| *[[Simvastatin]]
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| *[[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]]
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| *[[Smoking]]
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| *[[Sodium dichloroisocyanurate]]
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| *[[SSRI discontinuation syndrome]]
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| *[[Steroids]]
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| *[[Stress]]
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| *[[Strongyloidiasis]]
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| *[[Suillus luteus]]
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| *[[Syphilis]]
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| *[[Tadalafil]]
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| *[[Thyroid medicines]]
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| *[[Tiotropium Oral Inhalation (patient information)]]
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| *[[Tobacco]]
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| *[[Trichophagia]]
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| *[[Tropical sprue]]
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| *[[Tuberculosis]]
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| *[[Ulcerative colitis]]
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| *[[Uremia]]
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| *[[Vitamin C]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| ===Symptoms===
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| Symptoms of indigestion are as follows:
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| * A pain or a burning feeling in the upper portion of the [[stomach]]
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| * Feeling sick to one's stomach; [[nausea]]
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| * Feeling bloated
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| * Sometimes uncontrollable [[burping]]
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| * [[Heartburn]]
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| * Feeling feverish
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| * A bitter taste in the mouth from stomach acid coming up into the [[esophagus]].
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| * Rumbling in your stomach.
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| * Sense of fullness after eating
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| * A feeling as though something is lodged in the esophagus
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| * Pain and discomfort at the [[Xiphoid process|xiphoid]] region
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| * Sudden chills, comparable to those felt during fevers.
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| ===Physical Examination===
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| ===Lab Tests===
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| == Treatment ==
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| * [[Antacids]] neutralize excess stomach acid, and can provide temporary relief of indigestion
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| * Antacids 4 hours prior to exercise
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| * Rest
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| * Activity modification
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| * Digestive enzymes capsules
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| * If symptoms persist, immediate referral to physician to rule out more serious abdominal conditions or diseases.
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| * Drink lots of water
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{SIB}}
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| {{Symptoms and signs}}
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| | ==Case Studies== |
| | [[Indigestion case study one|Case #1]] |
| | ==Related Chapters== |
| | *[[Dyspepsia]] |
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| [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] |
| [[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]] | | [[Category:Symptoms]] |
| [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] | | [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] |
| [[Category:Grammar]]
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