Hypoparathyroidism natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Overview

If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

OR

Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].

OR

Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

• The symptoms of hypoparathyroidism usually develop due to hypocalcemia.
• There is an increased risk of renal complications due to hypercalciuria in patients treated with calcium and vitamin D analogs.
• If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].

Complications

• Common complications of hypoparathyroidism include:
  • Renal complications
    • Nephrolithiasis
    • Nephrocalcinosis
    • Impaired renal function
  • Symptomatic hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia
  • Basal ganglia calcifications
  • Complications of iv calcium extravasation
  • Hypocalcemia seizure
  • Dilated cardiomyopathy
  • Pathologic fractures

Prognosis

• Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
• Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism leads to complications irrespective of treatment.
• Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression/etc.] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
• The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
• [Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
• The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.