Hypoparathyroidism causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==


==Causes==
==Causes==
<div style="-webkit-user-select: none;">
<div style="-webkit-user-select: none;">
===Life Threatening Causes===
===Common Causes===
===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
Hypoparathyroidism can have a number of divergent causes:
Hypoparathyroidism can have a number of divergent causes:
* Removal of the parathyroid glands in [[thyroid]] surgery ([[thyroidectomy]]) is a recognised cause. It is now uncommon, as [[surgery|surgeon]]s generally spare them during the procedure after identifying them.
* Removal of the parathyroid glands in [[thyroid]] surgery ([[thyroidectomy]]) is a recognised cause. It is now uncommon, as [[surgery|surgeon]]s generally spare them during the procedure after identifying them.
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* Some very [[rare disease]]s
* Some very [[rare disease]]s
* Idiopathic (of unknown cause), occasionally familial
* Idiopathic (of unknown cause), occasionally familial
===Life Threatening Causes===
*[[Carcinoma]]
*[[Pituitary metastasis]]
===Common Causes===
*[[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]]
*[[Thyroidectomy]]
*[[Polyendocrine deficiency syndrome ]]
*[[Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome ]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*[[Magnesium]] deficiency
*[[Velocardiofacial syndrome]]
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis syndrome ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Abnormal parathyroid gland development]],  [[Abnormal pth synthesis]],  [[Addison's disease]],  [[Adenylyl cyclase dysfunction ]],  [[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]],  [[Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome]],  [[Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome ]],  [[Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia ]],  [[Calcium-sensing receptor activation]],  [[Congenital lack of parathyroid glands]],  [[Fahr disease]],  [[Hungry bone syndrome ]],  [[Parathyroid inflammation]],  [[Parathyroid surgery]],  [[Pituitary iron overload ]],  [[Pituitary metastasis]],  [[Polyendocrine deficiency syndrome ]],  [[Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome ]],  [[Primary adrenal insufficiency]],  [[Radical neck dissection]],  [[Thyroid surgery ]],  [[Thyroidectomy ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[22q11.2 deletion syndrome ]],  [[Alport syndrome ]],  [[Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia ]],  [[Bangstad syndrome ]],  [[Barakat syndrome ]],  [[Bird-headed dwarfism ]],  [[Chromosome 10, monosomy 10p]],  [[Chromosome 10p deletion syndrome]],  [[Chromosome 22q deletion syndrome ]],  [[Chromosome 22q deletion ]],  [[Congenital lack of parathyroid glands]],  [[Dahlberg syndrome ]],  [[Deletion 10pter ]],  [[Digeorge syndrome]],  [[Fahr disease]],  [[Genetic disorders]],  [[Kenny-caffey-linarelli syndrome]],  [[Velocardiofacial syndrome ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Calcium-sensing receptor activation]],  [[Hemochromatosis ]],  [[Hemosiderosis]],  [[Hypomagnesemia]],  [[Magnesium deficiency]],  [[Pituitary iron overload ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hungry bone syndrome ]],  [[Idiopathic ]],  [[Parathyroid surgery]],  [[Parathyroidectomy]],  [[Radiation]],  [[Radical neck dissection]],  [[Radioactive iodine treatment]],  [[Thyroid surgery ]],  [[Thyroidectomy ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis]],  [[Hiv ]],  [[Parathyroid inflammation]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ataxia ]],  [[Bird-headed dwarfism ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ataxia ]],  [[Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis syndrome ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carcinoma]],  [[Pituitary metastasis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]],  [[Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome]],  [[Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome ]],  [[Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{columns-list|3|
*[[22q11.2 deletion syndrome ]]
*[[Abnormal parathyroid gland development]]
*[[Abnormal pth synthesis]]
*[[Addison's disease]]
*[[Adenylyl cyclase dysfunction ]]
*[[Alport syndrome ]]
*[[Ataxia ]]
*[[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]]
*[[Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome]]
*[[Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome ]]
*[[Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia ]]
*[[Autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism]]
*[[Bangstad syndrome ]]
*[[Barakat syndrome ]]
*[[Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis syndrome ]]
*[[Bird-headed dwarfism ]]
*[[Calcium-sensing receptor activation]]
*[[Carcinoma]]
*[[Chromosome 10, monosomy 10p]]
*[[Chromosome 10p deletion syndrome]]
*[[Chromosome 22q deletion syndrome ]]
*[[Chromosome 22q deletion ]]
*[[Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis]]
*[[Congenital lack of parathyroid glands]]
*[[Dahlberg syndrome ]]
*[[Deletion 10pter ]]
*[[Digeorge syndrome]]
*[[Dubowitz syndrome]]
*[[Fahr disease]]
*[[Genetic disorders]]
*[[Hemochromatosis]]
*[[Hemosiderosis]]
*[[Hiv ]]
*[[Hungry bone syndrome ]]
*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
*[[Idiopathic ]]
*[[Kenny-caffey-linarelli syndrome]]
*[[Magnesium deficiency]]
*[[Parathyroid inflammation]]
*[[Parathyroid surgery]]
*[[Parathyroidectomy]]
*[[Pituitary iron overload ]]
*[[Pituitary metastasis]]
*[[Polyendocrine deficiency syndrome ]]
*[[Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome ]]
*[[Primary adrenal insufficiency]]
*[[Radiation]]
*[[Radical neck dissection]]
*[[Radioactive iodine treatment]]
*[[Sanjad-sakati syndrome]]
*[[Thyroid surgery ]]
*[[Thyroidectomy ]]
*[[Velocardiofacial syndrome ]]
}}
}}
</div>
</div>

Revision as of 18:58, 13 March 2017

Hypoparathyroidism Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Charmaine Patel, M.D. [2] Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Causes

Hypoparathyroidism can have a number of divergent causes:

  • Removal of the parathyroid glands in thyroid surgery (thyroidectomy) is a recognised cause. It is now uncommon, as surgeons generally spare them during the procedure after identifying them.
  • Autoimmune invasion and destruction is the most common non-surgical cause. It can occur as part of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes.
  • Hemochromatosis can lead to iron accumulation and consequent dysfunction of a number of endocrine organs, including the parathyroids.
  • Absence or dysfunction of the parathyroid glands is one of the components of chromosome 22q11 microdeletion syndrome (other names: DiGeorge syndrome, Schprintzen syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome).
  • Magnesium deficiency
  • Some very rare diseases
  • Idiopathic (of unknown cause), occasionally familial

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis syndrome 
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Abnormal parathyroid gland development, Abnormal pth synthesis, Addison's disease, Adenylyl cyclase dysfunction , Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome, Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome , Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia , Calcium-sensing receptor activation, Congenital lack of parathyroid glands, Fahr disease, Hungry bone syndrome , Parathyroid inflammation, Parathyroid surgery, Pituitary iron overload , Pituitary metastasis, Polyendocrine deficiency syndrome , Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome , Primary adrenal insufficiency, Radical neck dissection, Thyroid surgery , Thyroidectomy
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic 22q11.2 deletion syndrome , Alport syndrome , Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia , Bangstad syndrome , Barakat syndrome , Bird-headed dwarfism , Chromosome 10, monosomy 10p, Chromosome 10p deletion syndrome, Chromosome 22q deletion syndrome , Chromosome 22q deletion , Congenital lack of parathyroid glands, Dahlberg syndrome , Deletion 10pter , Digeorge syndrome, Fahr disease, Genetic disorders, Kenny-caffey-linarelli syndrome, Velocardiofacial syndrome 
Hematologic Calcium-sensing receptor activation, Hemochromatosis , Hemosiderosis, Hypomagnesemia, Magnesium deficiency, Pituitary iron overload
Iatrogenic Hungry bone syndrome , Idiopathic , Parathyroid surgery, Parathyroidectomy, Radiation, Radical neck dissection, Radioactive iodine treatment, Thyroid surgery , Thyroidectomy
Infectious Disease Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, Hiv , Parathyroid inflammation
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Ataxia , Bird-headed dwarfism
Neurologic Ataxia , Bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis syndrome 
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Carcinoma, Pituitary metastasis
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome, Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome, Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome , Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome 
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
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References

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