Hypokalemia resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
{{familytree/start |summary=Hypokalemia}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | | | A01= '''Potassium < 3.5 mEq/L'''}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | B01 | | B02 | | | | | | | | | B01= '''Increased urinary loss''' <br> measure spot urine potassium| B02= '''Redistribution defects'''<br> Elevated glucose <br> Insulin excess <br> alkalosis <br> [[Periodic paralysis]]}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | C01 | | |,|-|-| C02 |-|-|.| | | | | | C01= Spot Urine K < 10 <br> GI losses <br> Biliary losses <br> Laxative abuse <br> Intestinal fistula | C02= Spot urine K > 20 <br> Renal causes }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | D01 | | | | | | D02 | | | | | D01= Elevated BP <br> High [[Aldosterone]] | D02= Normal BP}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | E01 | | | | | | E02 | | | | | E01= Plasma renin | E02= Plasma [[bicarbonate]]}} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | F01 | | F02 | | F03 | | F04 | | | F01= '''Low Renin''' <br> Primary [[Hyperaldosteronism]] | F02= ''' High Renin''' <br> Secondary Hyperaldosteronism | F03= Low Bicarbonate <br> [[RTA]] 1 <br> [[RTA]] 2 | F04= Low Bicarbonate <br> measure urine chloride }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | }} | |||
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | G01 | | G02 | G01= Metabolic alkalosis <br> Vomiting | |||
<br> | G02= Diuretics <br> Bartters syndrome }} | |||
{{familytree/end}} | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Revision as of 21:39, 21 November 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Definition
Hypokalemia is defined as plasma potassium levels less than 3.5 mEq/L
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
| Potassium < 3.5 mEq/L | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Increased urinary loss measure spot urine potassium | Redistribution defects Elevated glucose Insulin excess alkalosis Periodic paralysis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spot Urine K < 10 GI losses Biliary losses Laxative abuse Intestinal fistula | Spot urine K > 20 Renal causes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elevated BP High Aldosterone | Normal BP | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Plasma renin | Plasma bicarbonate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Low Renin Primary Hyperaldosteronism | High Renin Secondary Hyperaldosteronism | Low Bicarbonate RTA 1 RTA 2 | Low Bicarbonate measure urine chloride | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Metabolic alkalosis Vomiting | Diuretics Bartters syndrome | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||