Hypokalemia resident survival guide: Difference between revisions

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==Definition==
==Definition==
[[Hypokalemia]] is defined as plasma potassium levels less than 3.5 mEq/L


==Causes==
==Causes==

Revision as of 21:35, 21 November 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Definition

Hypokalemia is defined as plasma potassium levels less than 3.5 mEq/L

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Management

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Potassium < 3.5 mEq/L
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increased urinary loss
measure spot urine potassium
 
Redistribution defects
Elevated glucose
Insulin excess
alkalosis
Periodic paralysis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spot Urine K < 10
GI losses
Biliary losses
Laxative abuse
Intestinal fistula
 
 
 
 
 
 
Spot urine K > 20
Renal causes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Elevated BP
High Aldosterone
 
 
 
 
 
Normal BP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plasma renin
 
 
 
 
 
Plasma bicarbonate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Low Renin
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
 
High Renin
Secondary Hyperaldosteronism
 
Low Bicarbonate
RTA 1
RTA 2
 
Low Bicarbonate
measure urine chloride
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting
 
Diuretics
Bartters syndrome

Do's

Dont's

References