Hyperprolactinemia (patient information)

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Jinhui Wu, MD

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How do I know if I have hyperprolactinaemia and what are the symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia?

Signs and symptoms result from abnormal secretion of prolactin and the pressure of the tumor in or around the pituitary gland. Usual signs and symptoms include:

• Headache
• Vision loss
• Sexual dysfunction: In men, patients may show signs of decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. In women, usual symptoms include decreases in menstruation or amenorrhea, galactorrhea) without pregnant or nursing, loss of libido, intercourse pain and infertility.

Who is at risk for hyperprolactinaemia?

• Prolactinoma
• Pituitary tumors
• Hypothyroidism
• Sarcoidosis
• Chronic renal failure
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Stress
• Certain medications, including commonly prescribed antidepressants, anti-psychotics, and blood pressure medications.
• Idiopathic

How to know you have hyperprolactinaemia?

• Blood hormone test: In patients with hyperprolactinaemia, it may demonstrate elevated prolactin level, low testosterone level and low FSH and LH levels.
• Cranial MRI or CT scan: In these imaging tests, doctors may detect whether the pituitary tumor exists or not.
• Visual field examination: For patients with abnormal visual fields, visual field examination by an ophthalmologist is needed.

When to seek urgent medical care?

Call your health care provider if you have any symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia.

Treatment options

Treatment of hyperprolactinaemia depends on the cause of the disease and the size of the tumor.

• For women who have hyperprolactinemia with no identifiable causes or a small pituitary tumor, the treatment is not surgery and medications, but observation and regular check.
• Medications: The most common drug for hyperprolactinaemia is dopamine-agonist medications, such as bromocriptine and cabergoline, which can decrease the level of prolactin. The doctor will start you on a low dose and gradually increase

the dose until your prolactin levels return to normal. Usual side effects of these drugs include lightheadedness, nausea and headache.

• Surgery: Surgery is only needed for large pituitary tumors that don't improve with medical treatment.

Where to find medical care for hyperprolactinaemia?

Directions to Hospitals Treating hyperprolactinaemia

Copyleft Sources

http://www.asrm.org/Patients/FactSheets/Prolactin_Excess.pdf

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000337.htm