Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence

  • The exact incidence of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is not known. However, it accounts for less than 1000 hospital admissions per 100,000 diabetic admissions.

Prevalence

  • The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
  • In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
  • The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.

Case-fatality rate

  • Case-fatality rate of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state varies from a low of less than 5000 per 100,000 individuals to a high of 20,000 per 100,000 individuals.[1]
    • Case-fatality rates of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state differ according to the level of care provided and healthcare setting.[2]
  • DKA is the most common cause of death in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and accounts for half of all deaths in diabetic patients younger than 24 years of age.[2][3]

Age

  • The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state commonly affects type 2 diabetic individuals older than 65 years years of age. It is less commonly seen in children and young adults.[1]

Race

Gender

Region

  • The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
  • [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].

Developed Countries

Developing Countries

first cases in 1880...later in 1900 criteria for honk...later hhs

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN (2009). "Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes". Diabetes Care. 32 (7): 1335–43. doi:10.2337/dc09-9032. PMC 2699725. PMID 19564476.
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Diabetes Care".
  3. "DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS IN CHILDREN - ScienceDirect".
  4. 4.0 4.1 Farsani SF, Brodovicz K, Soleymanlou N, Marquard J, Wissinger E, Maiese BA (2017). "Incidence and prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D): a systematic literature review". BMJ Open. 7 (7): e016587. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016587. PMID 28765134.
  5. Umpierrez GE, Kelly JP, Navarrete JE, Casals MM, Kitabchi AE (1997). "Hyperglycemic crises in urban blacks". Arch. Intern. Med. 157 (6): 669–75. PMID 9080921.

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