Hypernatremia resident survival guide: Difference between revisions

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{{familytree | | | D01 | | | | D02 | | | | | | D01= High urine osmolality| D02= Urine osmolality}}
{{familytree | | | D01 | | | | D02 | | | | | | D01= High urine osmolality| D02= Urine osmolality}}
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{{familytree | | | E01 | | E02 | | E03 | | | | E01= '''Hypotonic fluid loss''' <br> GI losses [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], Renal losses, [[Diuretics]] | E02= High| E03= Low}}
{{familytree | | | E01 | | E02 | | E03 | | | | E01= '''Hypotonic fluid loss''' <br> GI losses [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], Renal losses, [[Diuretics]] | E02= Low| E03= High}}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree | | | F01 | | F02 | | F03 | | | | F01= | F02= | F03= }}
{{familytree | | | F01 | | F02 | | F03 | | | | F01= | F02= | F03= }}

Revision as of 15:51, 27 November 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Definition

Hypernatremia is an electrolyte disturbance consisting of an elevated sodium level in the blood. It is defined as a serum sodium concentration exceeding 145 mEq/L.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Conditions that may cause death or permanent disability within the next 24 hours

Common Causes

The most common cause of hypernatremia is not an excess of sodium, but a relative deficit of free water in the body. Hypernatremia can be caused by many disease processes and drugs.

Management

 
 
 
 
 
Serum sodium > 145
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Urine output
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Low
 
 
 
High
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
High urine osmolality
 
 
 
Urine osmolality
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hypotonic fluid loss
GI losses nausea, vomiting, Renal losses, Diuretics
 
Low
 
High
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Do's

Don'ts

References


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