|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| <div style="-webkit-user-select: none;">
| | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} |
| {|class="infobox" style="position: fixed; top: 65%; right: 10px; margin: 0 0 0 0; border: 0; float: right;
| | ==Overview== |
| |-
| | |
| | {{#ev:youtube|https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfFQsf7jhaE|350}}
| | ==Historical Perspective== |
| |-
| | |
| |}
| | ==Classification== |
| __NOTOC__
| | |
| {| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
| | ==Pathophysiology== |
| |-
| | |
| | [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=hyperkalemia resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br>
| | ==Causes== |
| | [[Hyperkalemia resident survival guide|Resident <br> Survival <br> Guide]]
| | |
| |}
| | ==Differentiating Xyz from Other Diseases== |
| {{Hyperkalemia}}
| | |
| {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]
| | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== |
| | |
| | ==Risk Factors== |
| | |
| | ==Screening== |
| | |
| | ==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis== |
|
| |
|
| ==Overview==
| |
| Hyperkalemia is an elevated blood level of the [[electrolyte]] [[potassium]] above 5 meq/L. Extreme degrees of hyperkalemia are considered a [[medical emergency]] due to the risk of potentially fatal [[arrhythmia]]s.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| | ===Diagnostic Study of Choice=== |
| | |
| ===History and Symptoms=== | | ===History and Symptoms=== |
| Hyperkalemia often has no symptoms. Occasionally, people may have the following symptoms: irregular heartbeat, nausea, slow, weak, or absent pulse. Extreme degrees of hyperkalemia are considered a [[medical emergency]] due to the risk of potentially fatal [[arrhythmia]]s. A detailed history taking is very helpful in diagnosing the cause of hyperkalemia.
| | |
| ===Physical Examination=== | | ===Physical Examination=== |
| In patients with [[hyperkalemia]], physical examination may vary from normal to [[bradycardia]] ([[heart block]]), [[tachypnea]] due to respiratory muscle weakness and absent [[tendon reflexes]].
| | |
| | ===Laboratory Findings=== |
| | |
| ===Electrocardiogram=== | | ===Electrocardiogram=== |
| Extreme degrees of hyperkalemia are considered a [[medical emergency]] due to the risk of potentially fatal [[arrhythmia]]s. The EKG is an important tool in diagnosing hyperkalemia. However, EKG changes do not always correlate with the degree of hyperkalemia. Some of the EKG changes that can be seen associated with hyperkalemia include [[peaked T waves]] ([[T wave tenting]]), [[PR interval prolongation]], [[QRS complex widening]], absent [[P waves]], a sine wave pattern and [[sinus arrest]].
| | |
| ===Ultrasound=== | | ===X-ray=== |
| In many cases, [[medical ultrasonography|renal ultrasound]] will be performed, since hyperkalemia is highly suggestive of renal failure.
| | |
| | ===Echocardiography and Ultrasound=== |
| | |
| | ===CT scan=== |
| | |
| | ===MRI=== |
| | |
| | ===Other Imaging Findings=== |
| | |
| | ===Other Diagnostic Studies=== |
| | |
| | ==Treatment== |
| | ===Medical Therapy=== |
| | |
| | === Interventions === |
| | |
| | ===Surgery=== |
| | |
| | ===Primary Prevention=== |
| | |
| | ===Secondary Prevention=== |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{reflist|2}} |
| [[Category:Potassium]]
| |
| [[Category:Medical emergencies]]
| |
| [[Category:Endocrinology]]
| |
| [[Category:Nephrology]]
| |
| [[Category:Electrolyte disturbance]]
| |
| [[Category:Blood tests]]
| |
| [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
| |
| [[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
| |
| [[Category:Needs overview]]
| |
|
| |
|
| {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | | {{WikiDoc Help Menu}} |
| {{WikiDoc Sources}} | | {{WikiDoc Sources}} |
| | [[Category: (name of the system)]] |