Hunter syndrome (patient information)

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Hunter syndrome

Overview

What are the symptoms?

What are the causes?

Diagnosis

When to seek urgent medical care?

Treatment options

Where to find medical care for Hunter syndrome?

Prevention

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

Possible complications

Hunter syndrome On the Web

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

Images of Hunter syndrome

Videos on Hunter syndrome

FDA on Hunter syndrome

CDC on Hunter syndrome

Hunter syndrome in the news

Blogs on Hunter syndrome

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hunter syndrome

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hunter syndrome

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.

Overview

Hunter syndrome is an inherited disease in which long chains of sugar molecules (mucopolysaccharides) are not broken down correctly and build up in the body.

What are the symptoms of Hunter syndrome?

Juvenile form (early-onset, severe form):

  • Aggressive behavior
  • Hyperactivity
  • Mental function gets worse over time
  • Severe mental retardation
  • Spasticity

Late (mild) form:

  • Mild to no mental deficiency

Both forms:

What causes Hunter syndrome?

Hunter syndrome is an inherited condition. Boys are most often affected.

The condition is caused by a lack of the enzyme iduronate sulfatase. Without this enzyme, mucopolysaccharides build up in various body tissues, causing damage.

The early-onset, severe form of the disease begins shortly after age 2. A late-onset, mild form causes less severe symptoms to appear later in life.

Diagnosis

Signs of the disorder include:

  • Abnormal retina (back of the eye)
  • Decreased iduronate sulfatase enzyme in blood serum or cells
  • Heart murmur and leaky heart valves
  • Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly)
  • Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)
  • Inguinal hernia
  • Joint contractures
  • Spasticity

Tests may include:

When to seek urgent medical care?

Call your health care provider if:

You or your child has a group of these symptoms You know you are a genetic carrier and are considering having children

Treatment options

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the first treatment for Hunter syndrome. The medicine, called idursulfase (Elaprase), is given through a vein (intravenously). Talk to your doctor for more information.

Bone marrow transplant has been tried for the early-onset form, but the results can vary.

Each health problem should be treated separately.

Where to find medical care for Hunter syndrome?

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hunter syndrome

What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

People with the early-onset (severe) form usually live for 10 - 20 years. People with the late-onset (mild) form usually live 20 - 60 years.

Possible complications

  • Airway obstruction
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Hearing loss that gets worse over time
  • Loss of ability to complete daily living activities
  • Joint stiffness that leads to contractures
  • Mental function that gets worse over time

Sources

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001203.htm

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