Hunter syndrome (patient information): Difference between revisions
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'''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Hunter syndrome|here]]''' | '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Hunter syndrome|here]]''' | ||
{{ | {{Hunter syndrome (patient information)}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Varun Kumar]], M.B.B.S. | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Varun Kumar]], M.B.B.S. | ||
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*Hyperactivity | *Hyperactivity | ||
*Mental function gets worse over time | *Mental function gets worse over time | ||
*Severe mental retardation | *Severe [[mental retardation]] | ||
*Spasticity | *Spasticity | ||
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
Both forms: | Both forms: | ||
*Carpal tunnel syndrome | *[[Carpal tunnel syndrome]] | ||
*Coarse features of the face | *Coarse features of the face | ||
*Deafness (gets worse over time) | *Deafness (gets worse over time) | ||
*Increased hair (hypertrichosis) | *Increased hair ([[hypertrichosis]]) | ||
*Joint stiffness | *Joint stiffness | ||
*Large head (macrocephaly) | *Large head ([[macrocephaly]]) | ||
==What causes Hunter syndrome?== | ==What causes Hunter syndrome?== | ||
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The early-onset, severe form of the disease begins shortly after age 2. A late-onset, mild form causes less severe symptoms to appear later in life. | The early-onset, severe form of the disease begins shortly after age 2. A late-onset, mild form causes less severe symptoms to appear later in life. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Signs of the disorder include: | Signs of the disorder include: | ||
*Abnormal retina (back of the eye) | *Abnormal [[retina]] (back of the eye) | ||
*Decreased iduronate sulfatase enzyme in blood serum or cells | *Decreased iduronate sulfatase enzyme in blood serum or cells | ||
*Heart murmur and leaky heart valves | *Heart murmur and leaky heart valves | ||
*Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) | *Enlarged liver ([[hepatomegaly]]) | ||
*Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) | *Enlarged spleen ([[splenomegaly]]) | ||
*Inguinal hernia | *[[Inguinal hernia]] | ||
*Joint contractures | *Joint contractures | ||
*Spasticity | *Spasticity | ||
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*Enzyme study | *Enzyme study | ||
*Genetic testing for change (mutation) in the iduronate sulfatase gene | *Genetic testing for change ([[mutation]]) in the iduronate sulfatase gene | ||
*Urine test for heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate | *Urine test for [[heparan sulfate]] and [[dermatan sulfate]] | ||
==When to seek urgent medical care?== | |||
Call your health care provider if: | |||
You or your child has a group of these symptoms | |||
You know you are a genetic carrier and are considering having children | |||
==Treatment options== | ==Treatment options== | ||
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People with the early-onset (severe) form usually live for 10 - 20 years. People with the late-onset (mild) form usually live 20 - 60 years. | People with the early-onset (severe) form usually live for 10 - 20 years. People with the late-onset (mild) form usually live 20 - 60 years. | ||
==Possible | ==Possible complications== | ||
*Airway obstruction | *Airway obstruction | ||
*Carpal tunnel syndrome | *Carpal tunnel syndrome | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
[[Category:Lysosomal storage diseases]] | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Genetic disorders]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Syndromes]] | ||
[[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | [[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Hepatology]] | [[Category:Hepatology]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Inborn errors of metabolism]] | ||
[[Category:Patient information]] | |||
Latest revision as of 04:42, 26 February 2013
For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click here
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Hunter syndrome |
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Hunter syndrome On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.
Overview
Hunter syndrome is an inherited disease in which long chains of sugar molecules (mucopolysaccharides) are not broken down correctly and build up in the body.
What are the symptoms of Hunter syndrome?
Juvenile form (early-onset, severe form):
- Aggressive behavior
- Hyperactivity
- Mental function gets worse over time
- Severe mental retardation
- Spasticity
Late (mild) form:
- Mild to no mental deficiency
Both forms:
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Coarse features of the face
- Deafness (gets worse over time)
- Increased hair (hypertrichosis)
- Joint stiffness
- Large head (macrocephaly)
What causes Hunter syndrome?
Hunter syndrome is an inherited condition. Boys are most often affected.
The condition is caused by a lack of the enzyme iduronate sulfatase. Without this enzyme, mucopolysaccharides build up in various body tissues, causing damage.
The early-onset, severe form of the disease begins shortly after age 2. A late-onset, mild form causes less severe symptoms to appear later in life.
Diagnosis
Signs of the disorder include:
- Abnormal retina (back of the eye)
- Decreased iduronate sulfatase enzyme in blood serum or cells
- Heart murmur and leaky heart valves
- Enlarged liver (hepatomegaly)
- Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)
- Inguinal hernia
- Joint contractures
- Spasticity
Tests may include:
- Enzyme study
- Genetic testing for change (mutation) in the iduronate sulfatase gene
- Urine test for heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if:
You or your child has a group of these symptoms You know you are a genetic carrier and are considering having children
Treatment options
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the first treatment for Hunter syndrome. The medicine, called idursulfase (Elaprase), is given through a vein (intravenously). Talk to your doctor for more information.
Bone marrow transplant has been tried for the early-onset form, but the results can vary.
Each health problem should be treated separately.
Where to find medical care for Hunter syndrome?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Hunter syndrome
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
People with the early-onset (severe) form usually live for 10 - 20 years. People with the late-onset (mild) form usually live 20 - 60 years.
Possible complications
- Airway obstruction
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Hearing loss that gets worse over time
- Loss of ability to complete daily living activities
- Joint stiffness that leads to contractures
- Mental function that gets worse over time