High density lipoprotein epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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Data from the landmark [[Framingham Heart Study]] showed that for a given level of LDL, the risk of heart disease increases 10-fold as the HDL varies from high to low. Conversely, for a fixed level of HDL, the risk increases 3-fold as LDL varies from low to high. <!--The prior sentences make more sense than this garbled expanation of it...So, for example, for a fixed LDL level of 220 mg/dl, the risk of coronary heart disease is 3-times normal if the HDL is low (25 mg/dl) but just one-third of normal if the HDL is high (85 mg/dl). On the other hand, for a fixed HDL level of 85 mg/dl, the risk of coronary heart disease is one-tenth normal if the LDL is low (100 mg/dl) and still only three-tenths of normal if the LDL is high (220 mg/dl). Phrased differently, this data implies that HDL is a more potent risk factor than LDL. Indeed, for a high HDL level (85 mg/dl), the risk of coronary disease remains lower than average even when the LDL level is high. Lowering LDL levels in such people, while of some benefit, merely converts a low risk situation to a very low risk situation.--> | Data from the landmark [[Framingham Heart Study]] showed that for a given level of LDL, the risk of heart disease increases 10-fold as the HDL varies from high to low. Conversely, for a fixed level of HDL, the risk increases 3-fold as LDL varies from low to high. <!--The prior sentences make more sense than this garbled expanation of it...So, for example, for a fixed LDL level of 220 mg/dl, the risk of coronary heart disease is 3-times normal if the HDL is low (25 mg/dl) but just one-third of normal if the HDL is high (85 mg/dl). On the other hand, for a fixed HDL level of 85 mg/dl, the risk of coronary heart disease is one-tenth normal if the LDL is low (100 mg/dl) and still only three-tenths of normal if the LDL is high (220 mg/dl). Phrased differently, this data implies that HDL is a more potent risk factor than LDL. Indeed, for a high HDL level (85 mg/dl), the risk of coronary disease remains lower than average even when the LDL level is high. Lowering LDL levels in such people, while of some benefit, merely converts a low risk situation to a very low risk situation.--> | ||
Men tend to have noticeably lower HDL levels, with smaller size and lower cholesterol content, than women. Men also have an increased incidence of [[atherosclerosis|atherosclerotic]] heart disease. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:29, 14 April 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]
Epidemiology
Epidemiological studies have shown that high concentrations of HDL (over 60 mg/dL) have protective value against cardiovascular diseases such as ischemicstroke and myocardial infarction. Low concentrations of HDL (below 40 mg/dL for men, below 50 mg/dL for women) are a positive risk factor for these atherosclerotic diseases.
Data from the landmark Framingham Heart Study showed that for a given level of LDL, the risk of heart disease increases 10-fold as the HDL varies from high to low. Conversely, for a fixed level of HDL, the risk increases 3-fold as LDL varies from low to high.
Men tend to have noticeably lower HDL levels, with smaller size and lower cholesterol content, than women. Men also have an increased incidence of atherosclerotic heart disease.