Hearing impairment natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Hearing impairment}}
==Overview==
Different factors contribute to prognosis of hearing loss and psychological complications associated with deafness are a big concern for physicians.


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==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
{{Hearing impairment}}
===Natural History===
{{AB}}
65% of patients with [[Sensorineural hearing impairment|sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss]] recover completely within 14 days, independent of any type of medical or surgical treatment. There is a fundamental difference in the behavior of apical and basal [[cochlea]] losses recovery and hearing recovery is always better at low than at high frequencies.


==Complications==
===Complications===
Age-related hearing loss has been associated with<ref name="pmid332536102">{{cite journal| author=Nieman CL, Oh ES| title=Hearing Loss. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2020 | volume= 173 | issue= 11 | pages= ITC81-ITC96 | pmid=33253610 | doi=10.7326/AITC202012010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33253610  }}</ref>  
Age-related hearing loss has been associated with<ref name="pmid332536102">{{cite journal| author=Nieman CL, Oh ES| title=Hearing Loss. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2020 | volume= 173 | issue= 11 | pages= ITC81-ITC96 | pmid=33253610 | doi=10.7326/AITC202012010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33253610  }}</ref><ref name="pmid23337978">{{cite journal| author=Lin FR, Yaffe K, Xia J, Xue QL, Harris TB, Purchase-Helzner E | display-authors=etal| title=Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults. | journal=JAMA Intern Med | year= 2013 | volume= 173 | issue= 4 | pages= 293-9 | pmid=23337978 | doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1868 | pmc=3869227 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23337978  }}  [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=&cmd=prlinks&id=23842726 Review in: Evid Based Nurs. 2014 Apr;17(2):60-1]</ref>  


*Worse [[quality of life]]
*Worse [[quality of life]]
*[[Depression]]
*[[Depression]]
*[[Social isolation]]
*[[Social isolation]]
*Functional decline
*Functional decline
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*[[Dementia]]
*[[Dementia]]


===Quantification of hearing loss===<!-- This section is linked from [[Cochlear implant]] -->
===Prognosis===
The severity of hearing loss is measured by the degree of loudness, as measured in [[decibel]]s, a sound must attain before being detected by an individual. Hearing loss may be ranked as mild, moderate, severe or profound. It is quite common for someone to have more than one degree of hearing loss (i.e. mild sloping to severe).  The following list shows the rankings and their corresponding decibel ranges:
The prognosis for hearing recovery for [[idiopathic]] [[Sensorineural hearing loss|SSNHL]] depends on a variety of things including the severity of [[hearing loss]], the shape of the [[audiogram]], age of onset, presence of [[vertigo]], and presence or absence of other risk factors.<ref name="pmid21606048">{{cite journal| author=Kuhn M, Heman-Ackah SE, Shaikh JA, Roehm PC| title=Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a review of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. | journal=Trends Amplif | year= 2011 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 91-105 | pmid=21606048 | doi=10.1177/1084713811408349 | pmc=4040829 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21606048  }}</ref><ref name="pmid31452421">{{cite journal| author=Huafeng Y, Hongqin W, Wenna Z, Yuan L, Peng X| title=Clinical characteristics and prognosis of elderly patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. | journal=Acta Otolaryngol | year= 2019 | volume= 139 | issue= 10 | pages= 866-869 | pmid=31452421 | doi=10.1080/00016489.2019.1641218 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31452421  }}</ref>
 
*Mild:
**For adults: between 26 and 40 dB
**For children: between 15 and 40 dB
*Moderate: between 41 and 56 dB
*Moderately severe: between 56 and 70 dB
*Severe: between 71 and 90 dB
*Profound: 90 dB or greater
 
==Prognosis==
The prognosis for hearing recovery for [[idiopathic]] [[Sensorineural hearing loss|SSNHL]] is dependent on a number of factors including the severity of [[hearing loss]], shape of the [[audiogram]], age of onset, presence of [[vertigo]], and presence of other risk factors.<ref name="pmid21606048">{{cite journal| author=Kuhn M, Heman-Ackah SE, Shaikh JA, Roehm PC| title=Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a review of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. | journal=Trends Amplif | year= 2011 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 91-105 | pmid=21606048 | doi=10.1177/1084713811408349 | pmc=4040829 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21606048  }}</ref><ref name="pmid31452421">{{cite journal| author=Huafeng Y, Hongqin W, Wenna Z, Yuan L, Peng X| title=Clinical characteristics and prognosis of elderly patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. | journal=Acta Otolaryngol | year= 2019 | volume= 139 | issue= 10 | pages= 866-869 | pmid=31452421 | doi=10.1080/00016489.2019.1641218 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=31452421  }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
PROGNOSIS BASED OF SEVERITY OF DISEASE<ref name="pmid33253610">{{cite journal| author=Nieman CL, Oh ES| title=Hearing Loss. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 2020 | volume= 173 | issue= 11 | pages= ITC81-ITC96 | pmid=33253610 | doi=10.7326/AITC202012010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=33253610  }}</ref>
!
!MILD
!MODERATE
!SEVERE
!DISABLING
|-
|HEARING LOSS
|26–40 dB HL
|41–60 dB HL
|61–80 dB HL
|>80 dB HL
|-
|DESCRIPTION
|Patient hears fine
|Hear with some difficulty.
People Mumble.
|Difficulty in hearing.
|Patients relies on reading lips.
The term ''deaf'' is often used by persons
 
with profound hearing loss with >80 dB HL.
|-
|TREATMENT
|Communication strategies
|Communication strategies
Amplification
|Communication strategies
Hearing aids
 
Cochlear implant
|Communication strategies
Hearing aids
 
Cochlear implant


Sign language
Prognosis can be predicted according to the slope of the [[audiogram]] taken at the start of hearing difficulty (low-[[frequency]] losses do better than high-[[frequency]] losses), Inflammatory markers, [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|erythrocyte sedimentation rates]], hearing at 8 kHz, in some cases, it depends on [[speech discrimination]] scores and spatial disorientation symptoms.<ref name="pmid889223">{{cite journal| author=Mattox DE, Simmons FB| title=Natural history of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. | journal=Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol | year= 1977 | volume= 86 | issue= 4 Pt 1 | pages= 463-80 | pmid=889223 | doi=10.1177/000348947708600406 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=889223  }}</ref>


Lip reading
|-
|RISK OF DEMENTIA<ref name="pmid21320988">{{cite journal| author=Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L| title=Hearing loss and incident dementia. | journal=Arch Neurol | year= 2011 | volume= 68 | issue= 2 | pages= 214-20 | pmid=21320988 | doi=10.1001/archneurol.2010.362 | pmc=3277836 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21320988  }}</ref>
|2 times increase risk
|3 times increase risk
|5 fold increase risk
| -
|}
<br />
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Needs overview]]
[[Category:Geriatrics]]
[[Category:Geriatrics]]
[[Category:Communication disorders]]
[[Category:Communication disorders]]

Latest revision as of 08:40, 6 May 2021

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Overview

Different factors contribute to prognosis of hearing loss and psychological complications associated with deafness are a big concern for physicians.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Natural History

65% of patients with sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss recover completely within 14 days, independent of any type of medical or surgical treatment. There is a fundamental difference in the behavior of apical and basal cochlea losses recovery and hearing recovery is always better at low than at high frequencies.

Complications

Age-related hearing loss has been associated with[1][2]

Prognosis

The prognosis for hearing recovery for idiopathic SSNHL depends on a variety of things including the severity of hearing loss, the shape of the audiogram, age of onset, presence of vertigo, and presence or absence of other risk factors.[3][4]

Prognosis can be predicted according to the slope of the audiogram taken at the start of hearing difficulty (low-frequency losses do better than high-frequency losses), Inflammatory markers, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, hearing at 8 kHz, in some cases, it depends on speech discrimination scores and spatial disorientation symptoms.[5]

References

  1. Nieman CL, Oh ES (2020). "Hearing Loss". Ann Intern Med. 173 (11): ITC81–ITC96. doi:10.7326/AITC202012010. PMID 33253610 Check |pmid= value (help).
  2. Lin FR, Yaffe K, Xia J, Xue QL, Harris TB, Purchase-Helzner E; et al. (2013). "Hearing loss and cognitive decline in older adults". JAMA Intern Med. 173 (4): 293–9. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.1868. PMC 3869227. PMID 23337978. Review in: Evid Based Nurs. 2014 Apr;17(2):60-1
  3. Kuhn M, Heman-Ackah SE, Shaikh JA, Roehm PC (2011). "Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a review of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis". Trends Amplif. 15 (3): 91–105. doi:10.1177/1084713811408349. PMC 4040829. PMID 21606048.
  4. Huafeng Y, Hongqin W, Wenna Z, Yuan L, Peng X (2019). "Clinical characteristics and prognosis of elderly patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss". Acta Otolaryngol. 139 (10): 866–869. doi:10.1080/00016489.2019.1641218. PMID 31452421.
  5. Mattox DE, Simmons FB (1977). "Natural history of sudden sensorineural hearing loss". Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 86 (4 Pt 1): 463–80. doi:10.1177/000348947708600406. PMID 889223.