Glioma natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Complications of glioma include: | |||
*[[Brain herniation]] | |||
*[[Coma]] | |||
*[[Metastasis]] | |||
*Recurrence | |||
*Side effects of [[chemotherapy]] | |||
*Side effects of [[radiation therapy]] | |||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
Revision as of 13:14, 23 September 2015
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The prognosis of glioma is poor.
Natural history
Gliomas are highly heterogeneous, infiltrative and diffuse, with different degrees of invasiveness. They can penetrate through the brain, colonizing the entire organ, sending their invasive cells far beyond the principal tumor mass. Despite this considerable invasive ability, gliomas rarely leave the nervous tissue to colonize other organs, remaining confined in the skull, with only little evidence of systemic spread.[1]
Complications
Complications of glioma include:
- Recurrence
- Side effects of chemotherapy
- Side effects of radiation therapy
Prognosis
The prognosis for glioma varies with the grade of tumor: WHO grade 1 and WHO grade 4 have the most favorable and worst prognosis, respectively. The 1-year and 2-year survival rate of patients with malignant glioma is approximately 50% and 25%, respectively.
The prognosis for glioma may depend on other factors which include:[2]
- Tumor is in the brain or spinal cord
- Whether the tumor can be removed by surgery
- Whether the cancer has just been diagnosed or has recurred
- DNA methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter
- Mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase: IDH1 or IDH2 genes
- Codeletion of chromosomes 1p and 19q
References
- ↑ Dubois LG, Campanati L, Righy C, D'Andrea-Meira I, Spohr TC, Porto-Carreiro I; et al. (2014). "Gliomas and the vascular fragility of the blood brain barrier". Front Cell Neurosci. 8: 418. doi:10.3389/fncel.2014.00418. PMC 4264502. PMID 25565956.
- ↑ Prognostic factors of glioma. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/brain/patient/adult-brain-treatment-pdq