Germinoma epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
The peak of germinoma occurs at ages 15-19 years: the median age at diagnosis is 10-12 years. CNS germ cell tumors commonly affects individuals between birth and 34 years of age. Males are more commonly affected with pineal germinona than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 5-22 to 1. Females are more commonly affected with suprasellar germinoma than males. The female to male ratio is approximately 1.3:1.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Pineal lesions occur more commonly than suprasellar lesions, at a ratio of 2:1. Tumors of the pineal area comprise 50-60% of CNS germ cell tumors; those of the suprasellar region comprise 30-40%. CNS germ cell tumors may also occur in the thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebral hemispheres.
- Primary CNS germ cell tumors are more common in Japan and other countries in Asia compared with North America.
- Primary CNS germ cell tumors account for approximately 2-3% of all intracranial tumors and approximately 8-15% of pediatric brain tumors in the Far East.
- Location of CNS germ cell tumors also varies by sex. In males, approximately 70% of tumors occur in the pineal area; In females, approximately 75% of CNS germ cell tumors occur in the suprasellar areas.
Incidence
The incidence of germinona is approximately 0.2 per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
Age
The peak incidence of germinoma occurs at ages 15-19 years: the median age at diagnosis is 10-12 years. CNS germ cell tumors commonly affects individuals between birth and 34 years of age.
Race
Germinoma usually affects individuals of the Asian race. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop germinoma.
Gender
Gender ratios are different depending on location. In the pineal region there is a marked male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 5-22:1 whereas in the suprasellar region, there is slight female preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1:1.3. Due to the pineal region being most common, germinomas are seen more frequently in males. An overall male predominance is noted in CNS germ cell tumors. The incidence of CNS germ cell tumors in males, all ages combined, was 3.7 times that seen in females.