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{{Chembox new
{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
|ImageFile=Gamma-Aminobuttersäure - gamma-aminobutyric acid.svg
|authorTag={{Ammu}}
|ImageSize=230
|OTC=Yes
|ImageFile2=GABA3d.png
|genericName=[[gamma.-aminobutyric acid]]
|IUPACName=4-aminobutanoic acid
|aOrAn=an
|OtherNames=
|drugClass=[[anxiolytic]]
|indicationType=treatment
|indication=[[epilepsy]]
|adverseReactions=[[hypersensitivity]]
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span>
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span></i>
 
* Content
 
<!--Adult Indications and Dosage-->
 
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
|fdaLIADAdult=* Adults and children 5 to 10 drops orally, 1 time daily or as otherwise directed by a health care professional.  If symptoms persist, consult your health care professional.  * Consult a physician for use in children under 12 years of age.
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
 
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport=* [[Epilepsy]], [[tardive dyskinesia]], [[spasicity]]
|fdaLIADPed=There is limited information regarding <i>FDA-Labeled Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
 
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
 
<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
 
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport=There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
 
<!--Contraindications-->
|contraindications=* [[Hypersensitivity]] to [[GABA]]
|warnings=* WARNINGS:  If [[pregnant]] or [[breast-feeding]], ask a health professional before use.
|clinicalTrials=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
|postmarketing=* Visual defects with vigabatrin administration.
* [[Flushing]], [[euphoria]], [[anxiety]].
* Increased [[blood pressure]] and [[heart rate]].
|drugInteractions=<!--Use in Specific Populations-->
|useInPregnancyFDA=* '''Pregnancy Category'''
|useInPregnancyAUS=* '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category'''
 
There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
|useInLaborDelivery=There is no FDA guidance on use of {{PAGENAME}} during labor and delivery.
|useInNursing=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to nursing mothers.
|useInPed=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
|useInGeri=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to geriatric patients.
|useInGender=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific gender populations.
|useInRace=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
|useInRenalImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
|useInHepaticImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
|useInReproPotential=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
|useInImmunocomp=There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.
 
<!--Administration and Monitoring-->
|administration=* [[Oral]]
|monitoring=There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
 
 
<!--IV Compatibility-->
|IVCompat=There is limited information regarding <i>IV Compatibility</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Overdosage-->
|overdose=There is limited information regarding <i>Chronic Overdose</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Pharmacology-->
 
<!--Drug box 2-->
|drugBox={{chembox2
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 476992474
|  Name=''gamma''-Aminobutyric acid
|  ImageFile = Gamma-Aminobuttersäure - gamma-aminobutyric acid.svg
| ImageSize = 230
| ImageName = Simplified structural formula
|  ImageFile1 = GABA 3D ball.png
| ImageSize1 = 230
|  ImageName1 = C=black, H=white, O=red, N=blue
|  ImageAlt1 = GABA molecule
|  IUPACName = 4-aminobutanoic acid
| OtherNames=
|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers
|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers
|  CASNo=56-12-2
|  UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| PubChem=119
| UNII = 2ACZ6IPC6I
|  SMILES=C(CC(=O)O)CN
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 96
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00058
| InChI = 1/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)
| InChIKey = BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYAC
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo=56-12-2
| PubChem=119
| EINECS = 200-258-6
| RTECS = ES6300000
| IUPHAR_ligand = 1067
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 116
|  DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB02530
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 16865
| SMILES=C(CC(=O)O)CN
|  MeSHName=gamma-Aminobutyric+Acid
|  MeSHName=gamma-Aminobutyric+Acid
   }}
   }}
|Section2= {{Chembox Properties
|Section2= {{Chembox Properties
|  Formula=C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>
|  Formula=C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>
|  MolarMass=103.12 g/mol
|  MolarMass=103.120 g/mol
|  Appearance=
|  Appearance=white microcrystalline powder
|  Density=
|  Density=1.11&nbsp;g/mL
|  MeltingPt=203°C
|  MeltingPtC=203.7
|  BoilingPt=
|  BoilingPtC=247.9
|  Solubility=
|  pKa=4.23 (carboxyl), 10.43 (amino)<ref>{{cite book | editor = Dawson RMC, Elliot DC, Elliot WH, Jones KM |title=Data for Biochemical Research |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1959}}{{page needed|date=May 2013}}</ref>
|  Solubility= 130 g/100 mL
|  LogP = −3.17
   }}
   }}
|Section3= {{Chembox Hazards
|Section3= {{Chembox Hazards
|  MainHazards=
|  MainHazards= Irritant, Harmful
|  FlashPt=
|  FlashPt=
|  Autoignition=
|  Autoignition=
|  LD50 = 12,680&nbsp;mg/kg (mouse, oral)
   }}
   }}
}}
}}
{{EH}}
==Overview==
'''Gamma-aminobutyric acid''' (usually abbreviated to '''GABA''') is an [[inhibitory]]<!--GABA is an excitatory neurotransmitter in insects (and others), and is therefore excitatory in most species.--> [[neurotransmitter]] found in the nervous systems of widely-[[evolution|divergent]] [[species]]. It is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the [[central nervous system]] and also in the [[retina]]. GABA is an [[amino acid]], but is not found in [[protein]]s. Although some GABA can be found in [[Islets of Langerhans|pancreatic islet cell]]s and [[kidney]], there are no significant amounts of GABA in mammalian tissues other than the tissues of the [[nervous system]].


==Function==
|mechAction=<!--Structure-->
In [[vertebrates]], GABA acts at inhibitory [[synapse]]s in the [[brain]]. GABA acts by binding to specific transmembrane [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]]s in the [[plasma membrane]] of both pre- and postsynaptic [[neuron]]s.  This binding causes the opening of [[ion channel]]s to allow the flow of either negatively-charged [[chloride]] ions into the [[cell (biology)|cell]] or positively-charged [[potassium]] ions out of the cell. This action results in a negative change in the [[transmembrane potential]], usually causing [[hyperpolarization (biology)|hyperpolarization]]. Three general classes of GABA receptor are known: [[GABA A receptor|GABA<sub><small>A</small></sub>]] and [[GABA C receptor|GABA<sub><small>C</small></sub>]] [[ionotropic receptor]]s, which are ion channels themselves, and [[GABA B receptor|GABA<sub><small>B</small></sub>]] [[metabotropic receptor]]s, which are [[G protein-coupled receptor]]s that open ion channels via intermediaries ([[G protein]]s).
|structure=<!--Pharmacodynamics-->
|PD=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacodynamics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.


Neurons that produce GABA as their output are called GABAergic neurons, and have chiefly inhibitory action at receptors in the adult vertebrate.  [[Medium spiny neuron|Medium Spiny Cells]] are a typical example of inhibitory [[Central nervous system|CNS]] GABAergic cells. GABA exhibits excitatory actions in [[insect]]s, mediating [[muscle]] activation at synapses between [[nerve]]s and muscle cells, and also the stimulation of certain [[gland]]s. In [[hippocampus]] and [[neocortex]] of the mammalian brain, GABA has primarily excitatory effects early in development, and is in fact the major excitatory neurotransmitter in many regions of the brain prior to the maturation of glutamate synapses - ''See'' [[Neural development|''developing cortex'']]. Whether GABA is excitatory or inhibitory depends on the direction (into or out of the cell) and magnitude of the ionic currents controlled by the GABA<sub><small>A</small></sub> receptor. When net positive ionic current is directed into the cell, GABA is excitatory, when the net positive current is directed out of the cell, GABA is inhibitory. A developmental switch in the molecular machinery controlling the polarity of this current is responsible for the changes in the functional role of GABA between the [[neonatal]] and adult stages.
<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
|PK=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacokinetics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.


In [[spastic diplegia|spastic cerebral palsy]] in [[human]]s, GABA cannot be absorbed properly by the damaged [[nerve root]]lets leading to certain muscles; this leads to [[hypertonia]] in those muscles.
<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
|nonClinToxic=There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.


==Structure and conformation==
<!--Clinical Studies-->
|clinicalStudies=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.


GABA is found mostly as a [[zwitterion]], that is, with the carboxyl group deprotonated and the amino group protonated. Its [[conformational isomerism|conformation]] depends on its environment. In the gas phase, a highly folded conformation is strongly favored due to the electrostatic attraction between the two functional groups. The stabilization is about 50 kcal/mol, according to [[quantum chemistry]] calculations. In the solid state, a more extended conformation is found, with a trans conformation at the amino end and a gauche conformation at the carboxyl end. This is due to the packing interactions with the neighboring molecules. In solution, five different conformations, some folded and some extended are found as a result of [[solvation]] effects. The conformational flexibility of GABA is important for its biological function, as it has been found to bind to different receptors with different conformations. Many GABA analogues with pharmaceutical applications have more rigid structures in order to control the binding better.<ref>Devashis Majumdar and Sephali Guha. Conformation, electrostatic potential and pharmacophoric pattern of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and several GABA inhibitors. ''Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM'' '''1988''', ''180'', 125-140. {{doi|10.1016/0166-1280(88)80084-8}}</ref><ref>Anne-Marie Sapse. ''Molecular Orbital Calculations for Amino Acids and Peptides''. Birkhäuser, '''2000'''. ISBN 0817638938.</ref>
<!--How Supplied-->
|packLabel=<!--Patient Counseling Information-->
|fdaPatientInfo=There is limited information regarding <i>Patient Counseling Information</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.


==History==
<!--Precautions with Alcohol-->
Gamma-aminobutyric acid was first synthesized in 1883, and was first known only as a plant and microbe metabolic product. In 1950, however, GABA was discovered to be an integral part of the mammalian [[central nervous system]].<ref name="isbn0-19-514008-7">{{cite book | author = Roth, Robert J.; Cooper, Jack R.; Bloom, Floyd E. | title = The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford [Oxfordshire] | year = 2003 | pages = 416 pages | isbn = 0-19-514008-7 | oclc = | doi = }}</ref>
|alcohol=* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.


==Synthesis==
<!--Brand Names-->
Organisms synthesize GABA from [[glutamate]] using the [[enzyme]] [[L-glutamic acid decarboxylase]] and [[pyridoxal phosphate]] as a [[cofactor]]. It is worth noting that this process converts the principal [[excitation|excitatory]] neurotransmitter (glutamate) into the principal inhibitory one (GABA).
|brandNames=* GABA PHENOLIC ®<ref>{{Cite web | title =GABA PHENOLIC - .gamma.-aminobutyric acid liquid | url =http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=01416ec2-130a-4c93-8b60-d16d8827084d }}</ref>


==Pharmacology==
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
Drugs that act as [[agonist]]s of [[GABA receptor]]s (known as GABA analogues or ''GABAnergic'' drugs) or increase the available amount of GABA typically have relaxing, anti-anxiety and anti-convulsive effects. Many of the substances below are known to cause [[anterograde amnesia]] and [[retrograde amnesia]].
|drugShortage=
}}
{{LabelImage
|fileName=GABA 01.jpg
}}
{{LabelImage
|fileName=DailyMed - GABA PHENOLIC - .gamma.-aminobutyric acid liquid .png
}}


GABA has been purported to increase the amount of the Human Growth Hormone. The results of those studies have been seldom replicated, and have recently been in question since it is unknown whether GABA can pass the blood-brain barrier.
<!--Pill Image-->


Drugs that affect GABA receptors:
* [[alcohol]] ([[effects of alcohol on the body|ethanol]])<ref name="pmid12692303">{{cite journal | author = Dzitoyeva S, Dimitrijevic N, Manev H | title = Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 1 mediates behavior-impairing actions of alcohol in Drosophila: adult RNA interference and pharmacological evidence | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 100 | issue = 9 | pages = 5485-90 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12692303 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0830111100 | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid9311780">{{cite journal | author = Mihic SJ, Ye Q, Wick MJ, Koltchine VV, Krasowski MD, Finn SE, Mascia MP, Valenzuela CF, Hanson KK, Greenblatt EP, Harris RA, Harrison NL | title = Sites of alcohol and volatile anaesthetic action on GABA<sub>A</sub> and glycine receptors | journal = Nature | volume = 389 | issue = 6649 | pages = 385-9 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9311780 | doi = 10.1038/38738 | issn = }}</ref><ref name="pmid17175815">{{cite journal | author = Boehm SL, Ponomarev I, Blednov YA, Harris RA | title = From gene to behavior and back again: new perspectives on GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor subunit selectivity of alcohol actions | journal = Adv. Pharmacol. | volume = 54 | issue = | pages = 171-203 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17175815 | doi = 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.07.023 | issn = }}</ref>


* [[avermectin]]s—[[doramectin]], [[selamectin]], [[ivermectin]]
* [[barbiturate]]s
* [[bicuculline]]s - GABA antagonist
* [[benzodiazepine]]s
* [[baclofen]]
* baicalin and baicalein from skullcap [[scutellaria lateriflora]]
* [[carbamazepine]]s<ref name="pmid7603459">{{cite journal | author = Granger P, Biton B, Faure C, Vige X, Depoortere H, Graham D, Langer SZ, Scatton B, Avenet P | title = Modulation of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor by the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and phenytoin | journal = Mol. Pharmacol. | volume = 47 | issue = 6 | pages = 1189–96 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7603459 | doi = | issn = | url = http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/47/6/1189}}</ref>
* [[cyclopyrrolone]] derivatives such as [[zopiclone]]
* [[quinolone|fluoroquinolones]]
* [[gabazine]] (SR-95531)
* [[gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid]] (GHB)<ref name="pmid16129424">{{cite journal | author = Dimitrijevic N, Dzitoyeva S, Satta R, Imbesi M, Yildiz S, Manev H | title = Drosophila GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors are involved in behavioral effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) | journal = Eur. J. Pharmacol. | volume = 519 | issue = 3 | pages = 246-52 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16129424 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.07.016 | issn = }}</ref>
* [[gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid]]
* [[imidazopyridine]] derivatives such as [[zolpidem]]
* [[kavalactones]]<ref name="Hunter">{{cite journal | author=Hunter, A | title=Kava (Piper methysticum) back in circulation | journal=Australian Centre for Complementary Medicine | volume=25 | issue=7 | year=2006 | pages=529}}</ref>
* [[muscimol]]
* [[phenytoin]]
* [[picamilon]]
* [[picrotoxin]]
* [[progabide]]
* [[propofol]]
* [[phenibut]]
* [[pyrazolopyrimidine]] derivatives such as [[zaleplon]]
* [[thujone]]—GABA antagonist


<!--Label Display Image-->


Drugs that affect GABA in other ways:
* [[tiagabine]]—potentiates by inhibiting uptake into neurons and [[glia]]
* [[vigabatrin]]—potentiates by inhibiting GABA-T, preventing GABA breakdown
* [[valproate]]—potentiates by inhibiting GABA-T
* [[tetanospasmin]]—primary toxin of tetanus bacteria, blocks release of GABA
* [[hyperforin]]—inhibits the reuptake of GABA


==See also==


* [[Spastic diplegia]]


==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


== External links ==
<!--Category-->
* [http://www.vcu-cme.org/gaba/overview.html The role of GABA in the pathogenesis and treatment of anxiety and other neuropsychiatric disorders]


[[Category:Anticonvulsants]]
[[Category:Drug]]
[[Category:Neurotransmitters]]
[[Category:Neurotransmitters]]
[[Category:Amino acids]]
[[Category:Amino acids]]
<br>
[[da:GABA]]
[[de:Γ-Aminobuttersäure]]
[[es:Ácido gamma-aminobutírico]]
[[fr:Acide gamma-aminobutyrique]]
[[it:Acido gamma-amminobutirrico]]
[[he:GABA]]
[[hu:Gamma-amino-vajsav]]
[[nl:Gamma-aminoboterzuur]]
[[ja:Γ-アミノ酪酸]]
[[no:GABA]]
[[pl:Kwas γ-aminomasłowy]]
[[pt:Ácido gama-aminobutírico]]
[[ru:Гамма-аминомасляная кислота]]
[[sl:Γ-aminomaslena kislina]]
[[fi:Gamma-aminovoihappo]]
[[sv:GABA]]
[[tr:GABA]]
[[uk:Гамма-аміномасляна кислота]]
[[zh:Γ-氨基丁酸]]
{{WH}}
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 20:31, 3 April 2015

Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Disclaimer

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NOTE: Most over the counter (OTC) are not reviewed and approved by the FDA. However, they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies.

Overview

Gamma-aminobutyric acid is an anxiolytic that is FDA approved for the treatment of epilepsy. Common adverse reactions include hypersensitivity.

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

  • Adults and children 5 to 10 drops orally, 1 time daily or as otherwise directed by a health care professional. If symptoms persist, consult your health care professional. * Consult a physician for use in children under 12 years of age.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

Warnings

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the drug label.

Postmarketing Experience

Drug Interactions

There is limited information regarding Gamma-aminobutyric acid Drug Interactions in the drug label.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA):

  • Pregnancy Category


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid with respect to nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid with respect to pediatric patients.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the drug label.

Overdosage

There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the drug label.

Pharmacology

Template:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox entryTemplate:Chembox ECNumberTemplate:Chembox E numberTemplate:Chembox RTECSTemplate:Chembox AppearanceTemplate:Chembox DensityTemplate:Chembox MeltingPtTemplate:Chembox BoilingPtTemplate:Chembox SolubilityInWaterTemplate:Chembox LogPTemplate:Chembox pKaTemplate:Chembox MainHazardsTemplate:Chembox Lethal amounts (set)Template:Chembox Supplement
Template:Chembox header2 | gamma-Aminobutyric acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 879: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 879: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
KEGG
MeSH gamma-Aminobutyric+Acid
UNII
Properties
C4H9NO2
Molar mass 103.120 g/mol
Hazards
Template:Chembox header2 | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Mechanism of Action

There is limited information regarding Gamma-aminobutyric acid Mechanism of Action in the drug label.

Structure

There is limited information regarding Gamma-aminobutyric acid Structure in the drug label.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacokinetics of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Nonclinical Toxicology of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the drug label.

How Supplied

There is limited information regarding Gamma-aminobutyric acid How Supplied in the drug label.

Storage

There is limited information regarding Gamma-aminobutyric acid Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Gamma-aminobutyric acid |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Gamma-aminobutyric acid |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Gamma-aminobutyric acid interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

  • GABA PHENOLIC ®[2]

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Gamma-aminobutyric acid Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. ↑ Dawson RMC, Elliot DC, Elliot WH, Jones KM, ed. (1959). Data for Biochemical Research. Oxford: Clarendon Press.[page needed]
  2. ↑ "GABA PHENOLIC - .gamma.-aminobutyric acid liquid".

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