Fungal meningitis epidemiology and demographics

Revision as of 20:44, 3 February 2017 by Prince Djan (talk | contribs) (→‎Race)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Meningitis main page

Fungal meningitis Microchapters

Home

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Fungal meningitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Screening

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X-ray

ECG

MRI

CT

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

Fungal meningitis epidemiology and demographics On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Fungal meningitis epidemiology and demographics

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Fungal meningitis epidemiology and demographics

CDC on Fungal meningitis epidemiology and demographics

Fungal meningitis epidemiology and demographics in the news

Blogs on Fungal meningitis epidemiology and demographics

Directions to Hospitals Treating Fungal meningitis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Fungal meningitis epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby; Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]

Overview

While cryptococccus and candida infections occur worldwide, other fungal infections tend to cluster in specific geographical regions.[1][2] The most common cause of fungal meningitis is Cryptococcus neoformans.[3][4][2]

Epidemiology

Incidence and prevalence

There is an increasing trend of fungal meningitis. This has been attributed to the following: [2][5]

  • Enlarging population of high-risk immunosuppressed patients
  • More successful pharmacological immunosuppression and chemotherapies
  • Increase in numbers of patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
  • Migration of susceptible persons into hyperendemic areas
  • Aging of the population


Cryptococcus Meningitis

  • Cryptococcus meningitis occurs worldwide but it is highly prevalent in southeast Asia and southern and east Africa where the prevalence of HIV is high.[7]
  • It is a common opportunistic infection in patients with HIV and it is considered as an AIDS defining lesion. [8]


Age

Gender

Race

  • Non-Caucasian race have a higher prediclection to developing fungal meningitis especially coccidioidal meningitis[9]

Developed Vs developing countries

Geographic Distribution of Endemic Fungi in The United States

References

  1. Shankar SK, Mahadevan A, Sundaram C, Sarkar C, Chacko G, Lanjewar DN; et al. (2007). "Pathobiology of fungal infections of the central nervous system with special reference to the Indian scenario". Neurol India. 55 (3): 198–215. PMID 17921648.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Gottfredsson M, Perfect JR (2000). "Fungal meningitis". Semin Neurol. 20 (3): 307–22. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9394. PMID 11051295.
  3. Koroshetz WJ. Chapter 382. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Williamson PR, Jarvis JN, Panackal AA, Fisher MC, Molloy SF, Loyse A; et al. (2017). "Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology, immunology, diagnosis and therapy". Nat Rev Neurol. 13 (1): 13–24. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.167. PMID 27886201.
  5. Fraser DW, Ward JI, Ajello L, Plikaytis BD (1979). "Aspergillosis and other systemic mycoses. The growing problem". JAMA. 242 (15): 1631–5. PMID 480580.
  6. Koroshetz WJ. Chapter 382. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
  7. Holmes CB, Losina E, Walensky RP, Yazdanpanah Y, Freedberg K (2003) Review of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-related opportunistic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis, 36, 652–662.
  8. Chariyalertsak S, Sirisanthana T, Saengwonloey O, Nelson K (2001) Clinical presentation and risk behaviors of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Thailand, 1994–1998: Regional variation and temporal trends. Clin Infect Dis, 32, 955–962.
  9. Bouza E, Dreyer JS, Hewitt WL, Meyer RD (1981). "Coccidioidal meningitis. An analysis of thirty-one cases and review of the literature". Medicine (Baltimore). 60 (3): 139–72. PMID 7231152.
  10. Koroshetz WJ. Chapter 382. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis. In: Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012.

Template:WH Template:WS