Ectopic pregnancy epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Moises Romo, M.D.
Overview
Ectopic pregnancy remains an important cause of death among all pregnancies. Drug abuse, unmarried status, no insurance, and had less than a high school education are factors associated with higher incidence of death. Ectopic pregnancies compose 1-2% of all pregnancies worldwide. In The United States, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is 197 new cases per 100,000 persons. White females are more commonly affected, although, mortality rate is higher in those of black race.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- Ectopic pregnancy is a disease of short duration, immediately approached, hence difficult to calculate its prevalence.
Incidence
- Worldwide, ectopic pregnancies occur in 1-2% of all pregnancies.
- In developing countries, the incidence of ectopic pregnancies range between 0.4% of all pregnancies in places such as Middle East and India, and over 4% reported in certain African countries, such as Ghana.
- In developed countries, such as The United States, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is 197 new cases per 100,000 persons.
Case Fatality Rate
- Ectopic pregnancies account for 3-4% of all pregnancy-related deaths in The United States.[1]
- Case-fatality rate has greatly decreased in The United States in the last decades, from 1.2 per 100,000 live births in 1980 to 0.5 per 100,000 live births in 2007.[2]
- Among the deaths from ectopic pregnancies in hospitalized women between 1998 and 2007, 70.5% were tubal pregnancies.[3]
- In lately years (2008-2010), from the women who died from ectopic pregnancies, 1.8 deaths per 100,000 live births died from hypovolemic shock from hemorrhage as compared with 0.3 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1999-2008.[4]
Age
- Ectopic pregnancy mortality ratio was 3.5 times higher for women older than 35 years than those younger than 25 years during 2003-2007 in The United States.[3]
This section can describe the impact of the disease depending on the persons age, and the age-specific prevalence and incidence.
The prevalence of ____ (insert disease state here) increases/decreases with age.
_____ (insert acute disease) commonly affects _____ (insert age group).
_____ (insert chronic disease) is usually first diagnosed among _____ (insert age group).
Gender
- Ectopic pregnancies, are unique to female gender.
Race
- Ectopic pregnancies usually affects individuals of the white race. Hispanic individuals are less likely to develop ectopic pregnancies.[5]
- Ectopic pregnancy mortality ratio was 6.8 times higher for African Americans than whites than those of white race during 2003-2007 in The United States.[3]
Other factors
- Drug abuse, unmarried status, no insurance, and had less than a high school education were factors associated with higher incidence of death in patients with ectopic pregnancies.[4]
Developed Countries
In this section you should describe the impact of the disease in developed countries.
Incidence, prevalence, and geographical distribution or areas of interest can be mentioned, as well as the relevant impact the disease has on society.
Developing Countries
In this section you should describe the impact of the disease in developing countries.
Incidence, prevalence, and geographical distribution or areas of interest can be mentioned, as well as the relevant impact the disease has on society.
Preferred Template Statements
IF the incidence/prevalence of the disease is known:
The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
IF the case-fatality rate is also known, you may use either of the following template statements:
In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of [number range]%.
The case-fatality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
IF details about prevalence according to age/race/sex are known:
Age:
Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
Race:
There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Sex:
[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
IF details about prevalence by region are known:
The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
If additional details are known about the patient population in which the disease is typically diagnosed, they may be included here. Supplementary template statements include:
[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
References[edit | edit source]
References
- ↑ Berg, Cynthia J.; Callaghan, William M.; Syverson, Carla; Henderson, Zsakeba (2010). "Pregnancy-Related Mortality in the United States, 1998 to 2005". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 116 (6): 1302–1309. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181fdfb11. ISSN 0029-7844.
- ↑ Creanga, Andreea A.; Shapiro-Mendoza, Carrie K.; Bish, Connie L.; Zane, Suzanne; Berg, Cynthia J.; Callaghan, William M. (2011). "Trends in Ectopic Pregnancy Mortality in the United States". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 117 (4): 837–843. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182113c10. ISSN 0029-7844.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Creanga AA, Shapiro-Mendoza CK, Bish CL, Zane S, Berg CJ, Callaghan WM (April 2011). "Trends in ectopic pregnancy mortality in the United States: 1980-2007". Obstet Gynecol. 117 (4): 837–843. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182113c10. PMID 21422853.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Ectopic Pregnancy Mortality — Florida, 2009–2010".
- ↑ Creanga AA, Shapiro-Mendoza CK, Bish CL, Zane S, Berg CJ, Callaghan WM (April 2011). "Trends in ectopic pregnancy mortality in the United States: 1980-2007". Obstet Gynecol. 117 (4): 837–843. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182113c10. PMID 21422853.