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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT[[Ebola virus]] |
| {{Ebola}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview==
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| Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola fever) is caused by a virus that belongs to the family [[Filoviridae]]. Three viral subtypes have been reported to cause [[disease]] in humans: Ebola-Zaire virus, Ebola-Sudan virus, and Ebola-Ivory Coast virus. The human disease has so far been limited to parts of Africa. A very small number of people in the United States who were infected with the fourth type of the virus, known as Ebola Reston, did not develop any signs of disease.
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| ==Virology==
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| <div style="float: right;">
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| {{Taxobox
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| | name = Ebola virus
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| | image = Ebola_virus.jpg
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| | image_width = 200px
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| | caption = An [[electron microscope|electron micrograph]] of an Ebola virus
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| | virus_group = V
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| | ordo = ''[[Mononegavirales]]''
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| | familia = ''[[Filovirus]]''
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| | genus = ''Ebolavirus''
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| | type_species = ''Zaïre Ebolavirus''
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| | subdivision_ranks = Species
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| | subdivision = ''[[Ebola Reston|Reston Ebolavirus]]''<br />''Sudan Ebolavirus''<br />''Ivory Coast Ebolavirus''<br />''Bundibugyo Ebolavirus''
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| }}</div>
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| ===Taxonomy===
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| Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA negative-strand viruses; Mononegavirales; Filoviridae; Ebolavirus; unclassified Ebolavirus
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| ===Biology===
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| Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola fever) is caused by a virus belonging to the family called [[Filoviridae]]. Scientists have identified four types of the Ebola virus. Three have been reported to cause [[disease]] in humans: Ebola-Zaire virus, Ebola-Sudan virus, and Ebola-Ivory Coast virus. The human disease has so far been limited to parts of Africa.
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| A very small number of people in the United States who were infected with the fourth type of the virus, known as Ebola Reston, did not develop any signs of disease.
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| The disease can be passed to humans from infected animals and animal materials. Ebola can also be spread between humans by close contact with infected bodily fluids or through infected needles in the hospital.
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| === Structure===
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| ====Size and Shape====
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| [[Electron microscope|Electron micrographs]] of members of ''Ebola virus'' show them to have the characteristic thread-like structure of a [[Filoviridae|filovirus]].<ref name="Klenk2004">{{cite book |title=Ebola and Marburg Viruses, Molecular and Cellular Biology |last=Klenk |first=Hans-Dieter |authorlink= |coauthors=Feldmann, Heinz |year=2004 |publisher=Horizon Bioscience |location=Wymondham, Norfolk |isbn=0954523237 |pages= }}</ref> EBOV VP30 is around 288 amino acids long.<ref name="Klenk2004" /> The virions are tubular and variable in shape and may appear as a "U", "6", coiled, circular, or branched shape, however, laboratory purification techniques, such as [[centrifugation]], may contribute to the various shapes.<ref name="Klenk2004" /> Virions are generally 80 [[nanometer|nm]] in diameter.<ref name="Klenk2004" /> They are variable in length, and can be up to 1400 nm long. On average, however, the length of a typical [[virion|Ebola virus]] is closer to 1000 nm. In the center of the virion is a structure called nucleocapsid, which is formed by the helically wound viral genomic RNA complexed with the proteins ''NP, VP35, VP30'' and ''L''. It has a diameter of 40 – 50 nm and contains a central channel of 20–30 nm in diameter. Virally encoded [[glycoprotein]] (GP) spikes 10 nm long and 10 nm apart are present on the outer [[viral envelope]] of the virion, which is derived from the host cell membrane. Between envelope and nucleocapsid, in the so-called matrix space, the viral proteins VP40 and VP24 are located. | |
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| ====Genome====
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| Each virion contains one minor molecule of linear, single-stranded, [[Sense (molecular biology)|negative-sense]] RNA, totaling 18959 to 18961 nucleotides in length. The 3′ terminus is not polyadenylated and the 5′ end is not capped. It was found that 472 nucleotides from the 3' end and 731 nucleotides from the 5' end were sufficient for replication.<ref name="Klenk2004" /> It codes for seven structural proteins and one non-structural protein. The gene order is 3′ - leader - NP - VP35 - VP40 - GP/sGP - VP30 - VP24 - L - trailer - 5′; with the leader and trailer being non-transcribed regions which carry important signals to control transcription, replication and packaging of the viral genomes into new virions. The genomic material by itself is not infectious, because viral proteins, among them the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, are necessary to transcribe the viral genome into mRNAs, as well as for replication of the viral genome.
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| [[Category:Mononegavirales]]
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| [[Category:Viral diseases]]
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| [[Category:Biological weapons]]
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| [[Category:Zoonoses]]
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| [[Category:Hemorrhagic fevers]]
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| [[Category:Infectious disease]]
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| [[Category:Disease]]
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| {{WH}}
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| {{WS}}
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