Dysentery: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==[[Dysentery overview|Overview]]==
'''Dysentery''' (formerly known as '''flux''' or the '''bloody flux''') is frequent, small-volume, severe [[diarrhea]] that shows [[blood]] in the [[feces]] along with [[intestine|intestinal]] [[cramp]]ing and [[tenesmus]] (painful straining to pass stool).<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill | pages = pp. 361, 858 | year = 2004 | id = ISBN 0838585299 }}</ref> [[Symptom]]s frequently associated with dysentery include [[fever]] and [[malaise]].


Dysentery has many causes, including [[cancer]], but is typically associated with [[infection]] caused by the ingestion of [[food]] or [[water]] containing [[micro-organisms]] which cause significant inflammation of the [[intestines|intestinal lining]]. There are two major types: '''[[shigellosis]]''', which is caused by one of several types of ''[[Shigella]]'' [[bacterium|bacteria]]; and '''amoebic dysentery''', caused by the [[amoeba]] ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''. [[Kiyoshi Shiga]] discovered the dysentery bacteria in [[1898]]. Dysentery can also be caused by certain medications, for example, some steroids can impact bowel movements.
==[[Dysentery pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==Pathophysiology==
==[[Dysentery causes|Causes]]==
Amoebic dysentery is transmitted through contamination of drinking water and foods that are shitty. Dysentery can also be spread by contaminated hands, from toddlers, because of their poor hygiene and close contact with other toddlers. From ingestion, the infecting organisma move into the intestines via the stomach. Amoebae spread by forming infective cysts which can be found in stools and spread if whoever touches them does not sanitize their hands. There are also free amoebae, or ''trophozoites'', that do not form cysts. 


Amoebic dysentary is well known as a "traveler's dysentery" because of its prevalence in developing nations, or "Montezuma's Revenge" although it is occasionally seen in industrialized countries. [[Liver]] infection, and subsequent amoebic abscesses can occur. It is caused mainly by the [[protozoan]] ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''. Amoebic dysentery can be treated with [[metronidazole]].<ref name=Sherris />
==[[Dysentery differential diagnosis|Differentiating Dysentery from other Diseases]]==


==History and Symptoms==
==[[Dysentery epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
Symptoms include frequent passage of faeces/stool, loose motion and in some cases associated vomiting. Variations depending on parasites can be frequent urge with high or low volume of stool, with or without some associated mucus and even blood.


A long term symptom of amoebic dysentery is [[lactose intolerance]] to dairy products, which usually lasts a few weeks but occasionally may be permanent.
==[[Dysentery natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 


==Medical Therapy==
==Diagnosis==
A required combination of drugs includes an [[amoebicide]] to kill the [[parasite]], an [[antibiotic]] to treat any associated bacterial [[infection]], and a drug to combat infection of the [[liver]] and other tissues. The [[amoeba]] can damage the [[Intestinal villus|villi]] and inhibit [[Lactase|lactase]] production (for which there is no permanent treatment). [[Lactase]] can be taken orally to assist dairy absorption.
[[Dysentery history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Dysentery physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Dysentery laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]]  
==Treatment==
[[Dysentery medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Dysentery primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Dysentery secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]]  


'''Indigenous treatment'''
==Case Studies==
[[Dysentery case study one|Case#1]]


The indigenous Oaxaca Chontal of the Mexican state of Oaxaca employed the plant ''[[Calea zacatechichi]]'' (also known as Dream Herb, Bitter Grass) as a cathartic anti-dysentery remedy.<ref name=Mayagoitia_1986>{{cite journal | author = Mayagoitia L, Diaz JL, Contreras CM | title = Psychopharmacologic Analysis of an Alleged Oneirogenic Plant ''Calea zacatechichi'' | journal = Journal of Ethnopharmacology | year = 1986 | volume = 18 | pages = 229&ndash;43 | publisher = Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd | url= http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=16295 }}</ref>
The root of the Malay Apple tree (Syzygium Malaccense) may also be used.<ref>{{cite web | title=Syzygium Malaccense - Malay Apple |url=http://www.tropilab.com/syzygium-malaccense.html |publisher=TropiLab}}</ref>
==References==
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Latest revision as of 17:37, 18 September 2017