Duodenal atresia (patient information)

Duodenal Atresia
Overview
What are the symptoms?
What are the causes?
Who is at highest risk?
Diagnosis
When to seek urgent medical care?
Treatment options
Where to find medical care for Duodenal atresia?
Prevention
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Possible complications
Duodenal atresia On the Web
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
Images of Duodenal atresia
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FDA on Duodenal atresia
CDC on Duodenal atresia
Duodenal atresia in the news
Blogs on Duodenal atresia
Directions to Hospitals Treating Duodenal atresia
Risk calculators and risk factors for Duodenal atresia

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]

Overview

Duodenal atresia is a condition in which the first part of the small bowel (the duodenum) has not developed properly. It is not open and cannot allow the passage of stomach contents.

What are the Symptoms of (Disease name)?

Symptoms of duodenal atresia include:

• Upper abdominal swelling (sometimes)
• Early vomiting of large amounts, which may be greenish (containing bile)
• Continued vomiting even when infant has not been fed for several hours
• No urination after first few voidings
• No bowel movements after first few meconium stools

What Causes (disease name)?

• The cause of duodenal atresia is unknown.
• It is thought to result from problems during an embryo's development, in which the duodenum does not change from a solid to a tube-like structure, as it normally would.
• Many infants with duodenal atresia also have Down syndrome. Duodenal atresia is often associated with other birth defects.

Who is at Highest Risk?

• Patients who have been diagnosed with down syndrome or intussusception.

Diagnosis

• A fetal ultrasound may show excessive amounts of amniotic fluid in the womb (polyhydramnios). It may also show swelling of the baby's stomach and part of the duodenum.
• An abdominal x-ray may show air in the stomach and first part of duodenum, with no air beyond that. This is known as the double-bubble sign.

When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?

Call your health care provider if your newborn is:

• Feeding poorly or not at all
• Vomiting (not simply spitting up) or if the vomit is green
• Not urinating or having bowel movements

Treatment Options

• A tube is placed to decompress the stomach. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalances are corrected by providing fluids through an intravenous tube (IV, into a vein). Checking for other congenital anomalies should be done.
• Surgery to correct the duodenal blockage is necessary, but not an emergency.
• The exact surgery will depend on the nature of the abnormality. Other problems (such as those related to Down syndrome) must be treated as appropriate.

Where to find Medical Care for (Disease name)?

Medical care for (disease name) can be found here.

Prevention

• There is no known prevention.

What to Expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

• Recovery from the duodenal atresia is expected after treatment. Untreated, the condition is deadly.

Possible Complications

These complications may occur:

• Other birth defects
• Dehydration

After surgery, there may be complications such as:

• Swelling of the first part of the small bowel
• Problems with movement through the intestines
• Gastroesophageal reflux

Sources

Bales C, Liacouras CA. Intestinal atresia, stenosis, and malrotation. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 330.

National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). Duodenal atresia or stenosis. www.rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/duodenal-atresia-or-stenosis. Accessed June 14, 2017.

Semrin MG, Russo MA. Anatomy, histology, and developmental anomalies of the stomach and duodenum. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 48.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000434.htm