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{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
__NOTOC__
  Name          = Cystitis |
{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
  ICD10          = {{ICD10|N|30||n|30}} |
|-
  ICD9          = {{ICD9|595}} |
| [[File:Siren.gif|link=Urinary tract infection resident survival guide|41x41px]]|| <br> || <br>
  ICDO          = |
| [[Urinary tract infection resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
  Image          = |
|}
  Caption        = |
{{Cystitis}}
  OMIM          = |
'''For patient information click [[Cystitis (patient information)|here]].'''
  MedlinePlus    = |
  eMedicineSubj  = |
  eMedicineTopic = |
  DiseasesDB    = 29445 |
}}
{{SI}}
{{SCC}}


{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Maliha}}, {{USAMA}}, {{SSH}}


{{SK}} [[Ketamine cystitis]]; [[Traumatic cystitis]]; [[Cystitis cystica]]; [[Bladder infection]]


==Symptoms==
==[[Cystitis overview|Overview]]==
* Pressure in the lower pelvis
* Painful urination ([[dysuria]])
* [[Frequent urination]] (AKA [[polyuria]]) or [[urgent need to urinate]] (AKA [[urgency]])
* Need to urinate at night ([[nocturia]], similar to prostate cancer or BPH)
* Abnormal urine color (cloudy), similar to a [[urinary tract infection]]
* Blood in the urine ([[hematuria]]) (similar to a female's period or bladder cancer)
* Foul or strong urine odor


==Signs and Tests==
==[[Cystitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
* A urinalysis commonly reveals white blood cells (WBCs) or red blood cells (RBCs).
* A urine culture (clean catch) or catheterized urine specimen may be performed to determine the type of bacteria in the urine and the appropriate antibiotic for treatment.


==Treatment==
==[[Cystitis classification|Classification]]==


Because of the risk of the infection spreading to the kidneys (complicated [[Urinary tract infection|UTI]]) and due to the high complication rate in the elderly population and in diabetics, prompt treatment is almost always recommended.
==[[Cystitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


=== Medication ===
==[[Cystitis causes|Causes]]==
Antibiotics are used to control bacterial infection. It is vital that one finish an entire course of prescribed antibiotics. Commonly used antibiotics include:
* [[Nitrofurantoin]]
* [[Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]]
* [[Amoxicillin]]
* [[Cephalosporins]]
* [[Ciprofloxacin]] or [[levofloxacin]]
* [[Doxycycline]]


The choice of antibiotic should preferably be guided by the result of urine culture. 
==[[Cystitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Cystitis from other Diseases]]==


Chronic or recurrent UTI should be treated thoroughly because of the chance of kidney infection ([[pyelonephritis]]). Antibiotics control the bacterial infection. They may be required for long periods of time. [[Prophylactic]] low-dose antibiotics are sometimes recommended after acute symptoms have subsided.
==[[Cystitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


[[Pyridium]] may be used to reduce the burning and urgency associated with cystitis. In addition, common substances that increase acid in the urine, such as ascorbic acid or cranberry juice, may be recommended to decrease the concentration of bacteria in the urine.
==[[Cystitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


=== Monitoring ===
== [[Cystitis screening|Screening]] ==
Follow-up may include urine cultures to ensure that bacteria are no longer present in the bladder.


==Outcomes==
==[[Cystitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
Most cases of cystitis are uncomfortable but disappear without complication after treatment.


===Possible complications===
==Diagnosis==
* Chronic or recurrent [[urinary tract infection]]
* Complicated UTI ([[pyelonephritis]])
* [[Acute renal failure]]


==Prevention==
[[Cystitis diagnostic study of choice|Diagnostic study of choice]] | [[Cystitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Cystitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Cystitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Cystitis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Cystitis X Ray|X-Ray Findings]] | [[Cystitis echocardiography and ultrasound|Echocardiography and Ultrasound]] | [[Cystitis CT scan|CT-Scan Findings]] | [[Cystitis MRI|MRI Findings]] | [[Cystitis other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Cystitis Other Diagnostic Tests|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
Keeping the genital area clean and remembering to wipe from front to back may reduce the chance of introducing bacteria from the rectal area to the urethra.


Increasing the intake of fluids may allow frequent urination to flush the bacteria from the bladder. Urinating immediately after sexual intercourse may help eliminate any bacteria that may have been introduced during intercourse. Refraining from urinating for long periods of time may allow bacteria time to multiply, so frequent urinating may reduce risk of cystitis in those who are prone to urinary tract infections.
==Treatment==


Drinking cranberry juice prevents certain types of bacteria from attaching to the wall of the bladder and may lessen the chance of infection.  <ref>[http://nutrition.about.com/od/dietsformedicaldisorders/f/cranberryjuice.htm Nutrition About.com]</ref>
[[Cystitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | Intervention | [[Cystitis surgery|Surgery]] | [[Cystitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Cystitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Cystitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Cystitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
Cranberry extract tablets have also been found to be effective in preventing cystitis, and avoid the taste of cranberry juice, which some find unpleasant.


==References==
==Case Studies==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Cystitis case study one|Case #1]]


==External links==
==Related Chapters==
*[http://www.gesundheitsinformation.de/uncomplicated-urinary-infections-how-do-short-and-long-courses-of.234.129.en.html Uncomplicated urinary infections: How do short and long courses of antibiotics compare?]
*[[Pyelonephritis]]
*[http://www.ic-network.com/ Interstitial Cystitis Network (ICN)]
*[http://www.canadaic.com/ Canada IC & OAB Resource Center]
*[http://www.icadvice.com/ Interstitial Cystitis Advice (A Patient Based Community for People with IC)]


{{Nephrology}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[bg:Цистит]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[de:Zystitis]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[et:Tsüstiit]]
[[es:Cistitis]]
[[fr:Cystite]]
[[it:Cistite]]
[[he:דלקת שלפוחית השתן]]
[[mk:Цистит]]
[[nl:Blaasontsteking]]
[[pl:Zapalenie pęcherza moczowego]]
[[pt:Cistite]]
[[fi:Virtsarakontulehdus]]
[[sv:Nedre urinvägsinfektion]]
[[zh:膀胱炎]]
[[ja:膀胱炎]]
[[tr:Sistit]]
 
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[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
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Latest revision as of 21:11, 29 July 2020



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Overview

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Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cystitis from other Diseases

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Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

Echocardiography and Ultarsound

CT Scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Tests

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Medical Therapy

Interventions

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Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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For patient information click here.

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3], Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[4]

Synonyms and keywords: Ketamine cystitis; Traumatic cystitis; Cystitis cystica; Bladder infection

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cystitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Intervention | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

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