Cyclospora cayetanensis
|
Cyclosporiasis Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Cyclospora cayetanensis On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cyclospora cayetanensis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Cyclospora cayetanensis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoan that causes disease in humans, and perhaps other primates. It is sometimes referred to as the “yuppie disease” due to outbreaks in the United States from fecally-contaminated imported raspberries and was virtually unknown before about 1990, but has been on the rise since. The health risk associated with the disease is usually confined to adult foreigners visiting endemic regions and acquiring the infection: this is why C. cayetanensis has been labeled as causing “traveler’s diarrhea.” Given the recent rise of this protozoan menace, it is important to be able to characterize, recognize, and give proper treatment for C. cayetanensis.
This species was placed in the Cyclospora genus because of the spherical shape of its sporocysts. The species name refers to the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru, where early epidemiological and taxonomic work was done.[3]
Taxonomy
Eukaryota; Alveolata; Apicomplexa; Conoidasida; Coccidia; Eucoccidiorida; Eimeriorina; Eimeriidae; Cyclospora[1]
Biology
Cyclospora cayetanensis is apicomplexan, cyst-forming coccidian protozoan, of the family of Eimeriidae, that causes a self-limiting diarrhea. Morphologically C. cayetanensis has spherical oocysts that are between 7.5 and 10 micrometers in diameter that also have a 50 nanometer thick bilayered wall with an outer threadlike coat that has been called a wrinkle by some researchers.[2][3][4]
According to a phylogenetic analysis performed with the 18S rRNA gene, in the Cyclospora species isolated from a group of baboons, this species, although different, was proved to be similar to the C. cayetanensis that infects humans. These two species were then documented was belonging to the same clade of the Eimeria species.[5] Other species of Cyclospora were also identified and characterized with SSU rRNA sequence analysis, later that year.[6]
Tropism
Natural Reservoir
The only hosts C. cayentanensis uses are humans.[2]
References
- ↑ "Cyclospora cayetanensis".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Cyclosporiasis".
- ↑ Ortega YR, Sanchez R (2010). "Update on Cyclospora cayetanensis, a food-borne and waterborne parasite". Clin Microbiol Rev. 23 (1): 218–34. doi:10.1128/CMR.00026-09. PMC 2806662. PMID 20065331.
- ↑ Ortega YR, Gilman RH, Sterling CR (1994). "A new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from humans". J Parasitol. 80 (4): 625–9. PMID 8064531.
- ↑ Lopez FA, Manglicmot J, Schmidt TM, Yeh C, Smith HV, Relman DA (1999). "Molecular characterization of Cyclospora-like organisms from baboons". J Infect Dis. 179 (3): 670–6. doi:10.1086/314645. PMID 9952374.
- ↑ Eberhard ML, da Silva AJ, Lilley BG, Pieniazek NJ (1999). "Morphologic and molecular characterization of new Cyclospora species from Ethiopian monkeys: C. cercopitheci sp.n., C. colobi sp.n., and C. papionis sp.n." Emerg Infect Dis. 5 (5): 651–8. doi:10.3201/eid0505.990506. PMC 2627716. PMID 10511521.