Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease risk factors: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Risk of Creutzfeldt Jakob disease increases with age.  It occurs most commonly in people older than 60 years.
Risk factors for Creutzfeldt Jakob disease include advanced age, positive family history, personal history of psychosis, history of surgical procedures, grafts or implants, and history of ingestion of human growth hormones or contaminated meat.
==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Following are the various risk factors for CJD whch have been reported in multiple studies:
Risk factors for Creutzfeldt Jakob disease include the following:
* Increasing age
* Advaanced age
* Family history of CJD<ref name="Wientjens-1996">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wientjens | first1 = DP. | last2 = Davanipour | first2 = Z. | last3 = Hofman | first3 = A. | last4 = Kondo | first4 = K. | last5 = Matthews | first5 = WB. | last6 = Will | first6 = RG. | last7 = van Duijn | first7 = CM. | title = Risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a reanalysis of case-control studies. | journal = Neurology | volume = 46 | issue = 5 | pages = 1287-91 | month = May | year = 1996 | doi =  | PMID = 8628468 }}</ref>
* Family history of CJD<ref name="Wientjens-1996">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wientjens | first1 = DP. | last2 = Davanipour | first2 = Z. | last3 = Hofman | first3 = A. | last4 = Kondo | first4 = K. | last5 = Matthews | first5 = WB. | last6 = Will | first6 = RG. | last7 = van Duijn | first7 = CM. | title = Risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a reanalysis of case-control studies. | journal = Neurology | volume = 46 | issue = 5 | pages = 1287-91 | month = May | year = 1996 | doi =  | PMID = 8628468 }}</ref>
* History of [[psychosis]]<ref name="Wientjens-1996">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wientjens | first1 = DP. | last2 = Davanipour | first2 = Z. | last3 = Hofman | first3 = A. | last4 = Kondo | first4 = K. | last5 = Matthews | first5 = WB. | last6 = Will | first6 = RG. | last7 = van Duijn | first7 = CM. | title = Risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a reanalysis of case-control studies. | journal = Neurology | volume = 46 | issue = 5 | pages = 1287-91 | month = May | year = 1996 | doi =  | PMID = 8628468 }}</ref>
* Personal history of [[psychosis]]<ref name="Wientjens-1996">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Wientjens | first1 = DP. | last2 = Davanipour | first2 = Z. | last3 = Hofman | first3 = A. | last4 = Kondo | first4 = K. | last5 = Matthews | first5 = WB. | last6 = Will | first6 = RG. | last7 = van Duijn | first7 = CM. | title = Risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a reanalysis of case-control studies. | journal = Neurology | volume = 46 | issue = 5 | pages = 1287-91 | month = May | year = 1996 | doi =  | PMID = 8628468 }}</ref>
* Multiple surgical procedures<ref name="Collins-1999">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Collins | first1 = S. | last2 = Law | first2 = MG. | last3 = Fletcher | first3 = A. | last4 = Boyd | first4 = A. | last5 = Kaldor | first5 = J. | last6 = Masters | first6 = CL. | title = Surgical treatment and risk of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case-control study. | journal = Lancet | volume = 353 | issue = 9154 | pages = 693-7 | month = Feb | year = 1999 | doi =  | PMID = 10073510 }}</ref>
* Multiple surgical or graft procedures, such as electrode implantation, corneal grafting, or dura mater grafting<ref name="Collins-1999">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Collins | first1 = S. | last2 = Law | first2 = MG. | last3 = Fletcher | first3 = A. | last4 = Boyd | first4 = A. | last5 = Kaldor | first5 = J. | last6 = Masters | first6 = CL. | title = Surgical treatment and risk of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case-control study. | journal = Lancet | volume = 353 | issue = 9154 | pages = 693-7 | month = Feb | year = 1999 | doi =  | PMID = 10073510 }}</ref>
* Living on a farm for more than 10 yrs<ref name="Collins-1999">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Collins | first1 = S. | last2 = Law | first2 = MG. | last3 = Fletcher | first3 = A. | last4 = Boyd | first4 = A. | last5 = Kaldor | first5 = J. | last6 = Masters | first6 = CL. | title = Surgical treatment and risk of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case-control study. | journal = Lancet | volume = 353 | issue = 9154 | pages = 693-7 | month = Feb | year = 1999 | doi =  | PMID = 10073510 }}</ref>
* Living on a farm for more than 10 yrs<ref name="Collins-1999">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Collins | first1 = S. | last2 = Law | first2 = MG. | last3 = Fletcher | first3 = A. | last4 = Boyd | first4 = A. | last5 = Kaldor | first5 = J. | last6 = Masters | first6 = CL. | title = Surgical treatment and risk of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case-control study. | journal = Lancet | volume = 353 | issue = 9154 | pages = 693-7 | month = Feb | year = 1999 | doi =  | PMID = 10073510 }}</ref>
* People receiving human growth hormone (HGH) or dura mater graft are at increased risk of iatrogenic CJD.
* People receiving human growth hormone (HGH)  
* Consumption of contaminated beef has been associated with increased risk of variant CJD.<ref name="Ward-2006">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ward | first1 = HJ. | last2 = Everington | first2 = D. | last3 = Cousens | first3 = SN. | last4 = Smith-Bathgate | first4 = B. | last5 = Leitch | first5 = M. | last6 = Cooper | first6 = S. | last7 = Heath | first7 = C. | last8 = Knight | first8 = RS. | last9 = Smith | first9 = PG. | title = Risk factors for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case-control study. | journal = Ann Neurol | volume = 59 | issue = 1 | pages = 111-20 | month = Jan | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1002/ana.20708 | PMID = 16287153 }}</ref>
* Consumption of contaminated beef (associated with increased risk of variant CJD)<ref name="Ward-2006">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Ward | first1 = HJ. | last2 = Everington | first2 = D. | last3 = Cousens | first3 = SN. | last4 = Smith-Bathgate | first4 = B. | last5 = Leitch | first5 = M. | last6 = Cooper | first6 = S. | last7 = Heath | first7 = C. | last8 = Knight | first8 = RS. | last9 = Smith | first9 = PG. | title = Risk factors for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case-control study. | journal = Ann Neurol | volume = 59 | issue = 1 | pages = 111-20 | month = Jan | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1002/ana.20708 | PMID = 16287153 }}</ref>
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Revision as of 20:23, 17 March 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Risk factors for Creutzfeldt Jakob disease include advanced age, positive family history, personal history of psychosis, history of surgical procedures, grafts or implants, and history of ingestion of human growth hormones or contaminated meat.

Risk Factors

Risk factors for Creutzfeldt Jakob disease include the following:

  • Advaanced age
  • Family history of CJD[1]
  • Personal history of psychosis[1]
  • Multiple surgical or graft procedures, such as electrode implantation, corneal grafting, or dura mater grafting[2]
  • Living on a farm for more than 10 yrs[2]
  • People receiving human growth hormone (HGH)
  • Consumption of contaminated beef (associated with increased risk of variant CJD)[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wientjens, DP.; Davanipour, Z.; Hofman, A.; Kondo, K.; Matthews, WB.; Will, RG.; van Duijn, CM. (1996). "Risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a reanalysis of case-control studies". Neurology. 46 (5): 1287–91. PMID 8628468. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Collins, S.; Law, MG.; Fletcher, A.; Boyd, A.; Kaldor, J.; Masters, CL. (1999). "Surgical treatment and risk of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case-control study". Lancet. 353 (9154): 693–7. PMID 10073510. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Ward, HJ.; Everington, D.; Cousens, SN.; Smith-Bathgate, B.; Leitch, M.; Cooper, S.; Heath, C.; Knight, RS.; Smith, PG. (2006). "Risk factors for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case-control study". Ann Neurol. 59 (1): 111–20. doi:10.1002/ana.20708. PMID 16287153. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


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