Cough resident survival guide (pediatrics)
| Cough resident survival guide (pediatrics) Microchapters |
|---|
| Overview |
| Causes |
| FIRE |
| Diagnosis |
| Treatment |
| Do's |
| Don'ts |
Overview
A cough in children may be either a normal physiological reflex ( Examples include normal clearing of airways, irritants such as smoke and gas, tobacco use, or improperly swallowing food and liquids) or due to an underlying causes.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
There is no research on this topic.
Common Causes
Noninfectious causes
1.Asthma
- Hygiene hypothesis
- Genetic
- Medical condition
- exacerbation
2.Gastroesophageal reflux disease
3.Upper- airway cough syndrome 4.Smoking ( active or passive)
5.Nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis
6.Cystic fibrosis
7.Forgien- body aspiration
8.Extrinsic airway compression
Infectious causes
1.Chronic sinusitis with upper-airway cough syndrome
2.Pyogenic bacterial pneumonia
3.Prolonged bacterial bronchitis
4.Tuberculosis
5.Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
6.chlamydophila pnueumoniae infection
7.Pertussis
8.Respiratory viral infections ( influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza)
FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation
Complete Diagnostic Approach
Respiratory Exam:
During this exam, the doctor takes the child's medical history and asks about any respiratory symptoms or previous illness. The doctor is observing the child's respiratory movement, during breathing. Also the doctor is listening with a stethoscope, for unusual breathing sounds, such as crackling or wheezing. He also taps on the child's chest.
Sputum Culture:
Lung Function Tests:
Spirometry
Bronchiodilator Challenge Test
Impulse Oscillometry
Exercise Challenge
Bronchoscopy
Chest X-ray
Treatment
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Do's
- Saline nasal drops or sprays
Don'ts
- never give asprin to kids with the cough
- dont give children younger than 2 any kind of cough or cold product that contain decongestant or antihistamine
References
The Nemours Foundation: "Cough Instruction Sheet."
American Academy of Pediatrics: "Cough"and "Treating Bronchiolitis in Infants
FDA releases recommendations regarding use of Over-the-counter cough and cold products
OTC cough and cold products: not for infants and children under 2 years of age
Ramsey CD, Celdon Jc (January 2005)
Goldsobel AB, Chipps BE ( March 2010)