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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
|-
| [[File:Siren.gif|30px|link=Cough resident survival guide]]|| <br> || <br>
| [[Cough resident survival guide|'''Resident'''<br>'''Survival'''<br>'''Guide''']]
|}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Infobox_Disease |
  Name        = Cough |
  ICD10      = {{ICD10|R|05||r|00}} |
  ICD9        = {{ICD9|786.2}} |
}}
{{Cough}}
{{Cough}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}} {{MUT}}
 
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}} {{MUT}} {{AMA}}


{{SK}} Tussis
{{SK}} Tussis
==Cause==
== [[Cough overview|Overview]] ==
A persistent cough can be debilitating, socially distressing, and adversely impair quality of life.<ref name="omaretal">{{cite journal | author = Omar S. Usmani, Maria G. Belvisi, Hema J. Patel, Natascia Crispino, Mark A. Birrell, Marta Korbonits, Dezso Korbonits, and Peter J. Barnes | title = Theobromine inhibits sensory nerve activation and cough. | journal = The FASEB Journal | volume = 19 | pages = 231-233 | year = 2005 | url = http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/reprint/19/2/231.pdf | format = pdf | language = english}}</ref>  One of the more common presentations to a medical practitioner is a dry cough. The common causes of chronic dry coughing include [[post-nasal drip]], [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]], [[asthma]], [[post viral cough]] and certain [[drug]]s such as [[beta blockers]], [[ACE inhibitors]] and [[aspirin]]. If a cough lasts for more than three weeks, multiple causes are likely and symptoms will abate only when all the causes are treated will the patient be symptom free.  Individuals who [[Smoking|smoke]] often have a [[smoker's cough]], a loud, hacking cough which often results in the expiration of [[phlegm]].
 
Coughing may also be used for psychological or social reasons, such as the coughing before giving a speech.  This is known as psychogenic, habit or tic coughing, and may increase in frequency in social situations featuring conflict.<ref>{{citation | title = Coughing as an Indicator of Displacement Behaviour | url = http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33337.pdf | author = Arella, A. | year = nd }} (Unpublished thesis)</ref>
 
Given its irritant nature to mammal tissues, [[capsaicin]] is widely used to determine the cough threshold and as a tussive stimulant in clinical research of cough suppressants.
==Complete List of Differential Diagnoses Sorted by Nonproductive vs Productive Nature of Cough==
=== Nonproductive Cough ===
* [[Smoker's cough]]
* Aspiration
* [[Congestive heart failure]]
* [[Postnasal drip]]
*:* Most common cause of chronic cough in nonsmokers
* [[GERD]]
*:* Second most common cause of chronic cough in nonsmokers
* [[Asthma]]/reactive airway disease
* [[ACE inhibitor]] use
* [[Pneumonia]]
*:* ''Typical'' pneumonia is characterized by acute or subacute onset of fever, dyspnea, fatigue, pleuritic chest pain, and cough
*:* ''Atypical'' pneumoniais characterized by more gradual onset, dry cough,headache, fatigue, and minimal lung signs
* [[Acute bronchitis]]
*:* Most commonly caused by viruses
*:* Postviral bronchitis may last beyond 6 weeks
* Aspirated foreign body
* [[Lung cancer]]
* [[COPD]]
* [[Sarcoidosis]]
* [[Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia]]
* [[Filariasis|Filarial disease]]
 
===Productive Cough===
* [[Postnasal drip]]
* [[Tuberculosis]]
* [[COPD]]
* [[Lung cancer]]
* [[Smoker's cough]]
* [[Asthma]] with secondary infection
* [[Pneumonia]]
* [[Bronchitis]]
 
==Complete Differential Diagnosis of Cough Sorted by Frequency of Causes==
 
In alphabetical order. <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
 
=== Most Common Causes ===
* [[Allergic Rhinitis]]
* [[Asthma]]
* [[Bronchiectasis]]
* [[Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease]] ([[GERD]])
* [[Post-nasal drip]]
 
=== Other Causes ===
{{MultiCol}}
*[[Abacavir ]]
*[[Abatacept  ]]
*[[Abrin]]
*[[ABVD]]
*[[ACE inhibitor]]
*[[Acetylmorphone]]
*[[Achalasia]]
*[[Acute bronchitis]]
*[[Acute Chest Syndrome]]
*[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]]
*[[Acyclovir ]]
*[[Adalimumab  ]]
*[[Adefovir ]]
*[[Adenoid hypertrophy]]
*[[Adenoviridae]]
*[[Albuterol  ]]
*[[Alcoholism]]
*[[Alefacept  ]]
*[[Alfuzosin ]]
*[[Aliskiren ]]
*[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]]
*[[Amiodarone  ]]
*[[Amlodipine and Benazepril ]]
*[[Amphotericin B  ]]
*[[Anagrelide ]]
*[[Anastrozole ]]
*[[Aortic arch anomalies]]
*[[Aphthovirus]]
*[[Ascaris infection]]
*[[Aspergillosis]]
*  Aspirated foreign bodies
*[[Atazanavir ]]
*[[Atelectasis]]
*  Atopic rhinitis
*[[Atrial myxoma]]
*[[Atypical pneumonia]]
*[[Benazepril]]
*[[Bepridil ]]
*[[Beriberi Heart Disease]]
*[[Bevacizumab  ]]
*[[Bitolterol  ]]
*[[Blastomycosis]]
*[[Bordetella pertussis]]
*[[Bortezomib ]]
*[[Brimonidine  ]]
*  Bronchial stenosis
*  Bronchial web
*[[Bronchiolitis]]
*[[Bronchitis]]
*[[Bronchogenic cyst]]
*[[Budesonide]]
*[[Busulfan ]]
*[[Byssinosis]]
*[[Cadmium poisoning]]
*[[Caplan's Syndrome]]
*[[Captopril]]
*[[Carvedilol ]]
*  Cerumenosis
*  Cervical mass
*[[Cetuximab  ]]
*[[Cevimeline]]
*[[Chest tube]]
*[[Chickenpox]]
*[[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]]
*[[Chlorambucil ]]
*[[Choking]]
*[[Cholesterol pneumonia]]
*  Chronic beryllium disease
*[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]
*[[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]]
*[[Ciliary dyskinesia]]
*[[Cladosporium]]
*[[Cladribine ]]
*[[Clobutinol]]
*[[Clofarabine  ]]
*[[Clofedanol]]
*[[CMV Pneumonitis]]
*[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]
*[[Congenital nephrotic syndrome]]
*[[Congestive Heart Failure]]
*[[Co-trimoxazole  ]]
*[[Cromolyn Sodium  ]]
*[[Croup]]
*[[Cryptococcosis]]
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]
*[[Cytarabine ]]
*[[Dacarbazine ]]
*[[Dactinomycin ]]
*[[Darbepoetin Alfa  ]]
*[[Diborane]]
*[[Docetaxel ]]
*[[Domiodol]]
*[[Dornase alfa]]
*[[DTPA]]
*  Ear foreign body
*[[Efalizumab  ]]
*[[Efavirenz ]]
*[[Emtricitabine ]]
*[[Enalapril ]]
*[[Enfuvirtide]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Epinastine  ]]
*[[Eplerenone ]]
*[[Epoetin Alfa  ]]
*[[Eprosartan ]]
*[[Erlotinib ]]
*[[Esophageal atresia]]
*[[Esophageal cancer]]
*[[Esophageal dysmotility]]
*[[Estradiol Topical ]]
*[[Etanercept  ]]
*[[Fasciolosis]]
*[[Fexofenadine ]]
*[[Filariasis]]
*[[Floxuridine ]]
*[[Fludarabine Phosphate ]]
*[[Fluorouracil ]]
*[[Fluticasone and Salmeterol]]
*[[Fluvastatin ]]
*[[Fosamprenavir ]]
*[[Fosinopril ]]
*[[Gabapentin ]]
*[[Ganciclovir ]]
*[[Gefitinib ]]
*[[Gemcitabine Hydrochloride ]]
*[[Glyburide and Metformin ]]
*[[Gnathostomiasis]]
*[[Goiter]]
*[[Goodpasture's syndrome]]
*[[Granisetron ]]
*  Hair in the ear canal
*[[Hamman-Rich syndrome]]
*[[Hay fever]]
*[[Histoplasmosis]]
*[[Histrelin  ]]
*[[Human ehrlichiosis]]
*[[Human flu]]
*[[Hypotension]]
*[[Ibandronate ]]
*[[Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis]]
*[[Ifosfamide ]]
*[[Iloprost]]
*[[Imipramine]]
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]]
*[[Influenza]]
*[[Insulin Human (rDNA Origin)  ]]
*[[Interferon beta-1a Intramuscular  ]]
*[[Interstitial pneumonia]]
*[[Isoproterenol  ]]
*[[Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)]]
*[[Kaposi's sarcoma]]
*[[Ketorolac]]
*[[Lady Windermere syndrome]]
*[[Lamivudine ]]
*[[Lamotrigine ]]
*[[Laryngeal cancer]]
*[[Laryngitis]]
*[[Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease]]
*[[Laryngotracheal cleft]]
*[[Lassa fever]]
*[[Legionellosis]]
*[[Letrozole ]]
*[[Levalbuterol  ]]
*[[Lisinopril ]]
*[[Lomustine ]]
*  Low humidity
*[[Lower respiratory tract infection]]
*[[Lung abscess]]
*[[Lymphangitis carcinomatous]]
*[[Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia]]
*[[Mallory-Weiss syndrome]]
*[[Measles]]
*[[Mechlorethamine ]]
*[[Mediastinal tumor]]
*[[Melioidosis]]
*[[Melphalan ]]
*[[Mercaptopurine ]]
*[[Mesalamine ]]
*[[Mesothelioma]]
*[[Metaproterenol ]]
*[[Methotrexate ]]
*[[Metoprolol]]
*[[Miliary tuberculosis]]
*[[Mitomycin ]]
*[[Mitral stenosis]]
*[[Moexipril ]]
*[[Moxifloxacin  ]]
*[[Mucor stolonifer]]
*[[Mycophenolic acid]]
*[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
*[[Natalizumab  ]]
*[[Nateglinide  ]]
*[[Nedocromil  ]]
*[[Nickel carbonyl]]
*[[Nicotine nasal spray ]]
*[[Nilutamide ]]
*[[Nitrofurantoin ]]
*[[Nocardiosis]]
*  Occupational exposure of irritants
*[[Omeprazole ]]
*[[Oxaliplatin  ]]
*[[Oxcarbazepine ]]
*[[Paclitaxel]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Pamidronate  ]]
*[[Paprika splitter's lung]]
*[[Paracoccidioidomycosis]]
*[[Papillomatosis]]
*[[Paragonimus Infection]]
*[[Passive smoking]]
*[[Pegaspargase ]]
*[[Peginterferon alfa-2a ]]
*[[Pemetrexed  ]]
*[[Penbutolol ]]
*[[Pentamidine]]
*[[Perindopril]]
*[[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Pertussis]]
*[[Pharyngitis]]
*[[Pimecrolimus topical ]]
*[[Pirbuterol acetate  ]]
*[[Pleurisy]]
*[[Pleuropulmonary blastoma]]
*[[Plicamycin ]]
*[[Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia]]
*[[Polymer fume fever]]
*  Post cerebrovascular accident
*[[Primaquine ]]
*[[Procarbazine ]]
*[[Prograf]]
*[[Psittacosis]]
*  Psychogenic cough
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]]
*[[Pulmonary Embolism]]
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
*[[Pulmonary sequestration]]
*[[Q Fever]]
*[[Quinapril]]
*[[Ramelteon ]]
*[[Ramipril]]
*[[Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis]]
*[[Rhinovirus]]
*[[Ribavirin ]]
*[[Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction]]
*[[Risedronate ]]
*[[Risperidone ]]
*[[Rosiglitazone ]]
*[[Rosuvastatin ]]
*[[Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula]]
*[[Salicylate sensitivity]]
*[[Salmeterol  ]]
*[[Saquinavir ]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[Schistosomiasis]]
*[[Sevelamer ]]
*[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome]]
*[[Sick building syndrome]]
*[[Silicosis]]
*[[Sirolimus ]]
*[[Smoking]]
*[[Sodium stibogluconate]]
*[[Spironolactone ]]
*[[Sporotrichosis]]
*[[Strep throat]]
*  Subglottic hemangioma
*[[Subglottic stenosis]]
*[[Sulindac ]]
*[[Superior Vena Cava Syndrome]]
*[[Tacrolimus]]
*[[Tamsulosin ]]
*[[Thermoactinomyces sacchari]]
*[[Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]]
*[[Thioguanine ]]
*[[Thiotepa ]]
*[[Thoracentesis]]
*[[Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms]]
*[[Thymoma]]
*[[Tipranavir ]]
*[[Tobacco smoking]]
*[[Tocainide ]]
*[[Tonsillolith]]
*[[Topotecan Hydrochloride ]]
*[[Tracheal stenosis]]
*[[Tracheitis]]
*[[Tracheoesophageal fistula]]
*[[Tracheomalacia]]
*[[Trandolapril]]
*[[Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease]]
*[[Trichinosis]]
*[[Trimetrexate Glucuronate ]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Tularemia]]
*[[Typhoid fever]]
*[[Upper respiratory tract infection]]
*[[Valganciclovir ]]
*[[Vinorelbine Tartrate ]]
*[[Viral]]cough
*[[Vorinostat ]]
*[[Yersinia Pestis Infection]]
*[[Zanamivir  ]]
*[[Ziprasidone ]]
{{EndMultiCol}}
 
===Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Cough===
(By organ system)
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |  
[[Aortic arch anomalies]],
[[Atrial myxoma]],
[[Beriberi Heart Disease]],
[[Congestive Heart Failure]],
[[Hypotension]],
[[Mitral stenosis]],
[[Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction]],
[[Superior Vena Cava Syndrome]],
[[Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms]],
 
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Abrin]],
[[Cadmium poisoning]],
[[Polymer fume fever]],
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Abacavir ]],
[[Abatacept  ]],
[[ABVD]],
[[ACE inhibitor]],
[[Acetylmorphone]],
[[Acyclovir ]],
[[Adalimumab  ]],
[[Adefovir ]],
[[Albuterol  ]],
[[Alefacept ]],
[[Alfuzosin ]],
[[Aliskiren ]],
[[Amiodarone  ]],
[[Amlodipine and Benazepril ]],
[[Amphotericin B  ]],
[[Anagrelide ]],
[[Anastrozole ]],
[[Atazanavir ]],
[[Benazepril]],
[[Bepridil ]],
[[Bevacizumab  ]],
[[Bitolterol  ]],
[[Bortezomib ]],
[[Brimonidine  ]],
[[Budesonide]],
[[Busulfan ]],
[[Captopril]],
[[Carvedilol ]],
[[Cetuximab  ]],
[[Cevimeline]],
[[Chlorambucil ]],
[[Cladribine ]],
[[Clobutinol]],
[[Clofarabine  ]],
[[Clofedanol]],
[[Co-trimoxazole  ]],
[[Cromolyn Sodium  ]],
[[Cytarabine ]],
[[Dacarbazine ]],
[[Dactinomycin ]],
[[Darbepoetin Alfa  ]],
[[Diborane]],
[[Docetaxel ]],
[[Domiodol]],
[[Dornase alfa]],
[[DTPA]],
[[Efalizumab  ]],
[[Efavirenz ]],
[[Emtricitabine ]],
[[Enalapril ]],
[[Enfuvirtide]],
[[Epinastine  ]],
[[Eplerenone ]],
[[Epoetin Alfa  ]],
[[Eprosartan ]],
[[Erlotinib ]],
[[Estradiol Topical ]],
[[Etanercept  ]],
[[Fexofenadine ]],
[[Floxuridine ]],
[[Fludarabine Phosphate ]],
[[Fluorouracil ]],
[[Fluticasone and Salmeterol  ]],
[[Fluvastatin ]],
[[Fosamprenavir ]],
[[Fosinopril ]],
[[Gabapentin ]],
[[Gefitinib ]],
[[Gemcitabine Hydrochloride ]],
[[Glyburide and Metformin ]],
[[Granisetron ]],
[[Histrelin  ]],
[[Ibandronate ]],
[[Ifosfamide ]],
[[Iloprost]],
[[Imipramine]],
[[Insulin Human (rDNA Origin)  ]],
[[Interferon beta-1a Intramuscular  ]],
[[Isoproterenol  ]],
[[Ketorolac]],
[[Lamivudine ]],
[[Lamotrigine ]],
[[Letrozole ]],
[[Levalbuterol  ]],
[[Lisinopril ]],
[[Lomustine ]],
[[Mechlorethamine ]],
[[Melphalan ]],
[[Mercaptopurine ]],
[[Mesalamine ]],
[[Metaproterenol ]],
[[Methotrexate ]],
[[Metoprolol]],
[[Mitomycin ]],
[[Moexipril ]],
[[Moxifloxacin  ]],
[[Mycophenolic acid]],
[[Natalizumab  ]],
[[Nateglinide  ]],
[[Nedocromil  ]],
[[Nicotine nasal spray ]],
[[Nilutamide ]],
[[Nitrofurantoin ]],
[[Omeprazole ]],
[[Oxaliplatin  ]],
[[Oxcarbazepine ]],
[[Paclitaxel]],
[[Pamidronate  ]],
[[Peginterferon alfa-2a ]],
[[Pemetrexed ]],
[[Penbutolol ]],
[[Pentamidine]],
[[Perindopril]],
[[Pegaspargase ]],
[[Pimecrolimus topical ]],
[[Pirbuterol acetate  ]],
[[Plicamycin ]],
[[Primaquine ]],
[[Procarbazine ]],
[[Prograf]],
[[Quinapril]],
[[Ramelteon ]],
[[Ramipril]],
[[Ribavirin ]],
[[Risedronate ]],
[[Risperidone ]],
[[Rosiglitazone ]],
[[Rosuvastatin ]],
[[Salmeterol  ]],
[[Saquinavir ]],
[[Sevelamer ]],
[[Sirolimus ]],
[[Sodium stibogluconate]],
[[Spironolactone ]],
[[Sulindac ]],
[[Tacrolimus]],
[[Tamsulosin ]],
[[Thioguanine ]],
[[Thiotepa ]],
[[Tipranavir ]],
[[Tocainide ]],
[[Topotecan Hydrochloride ]],
[[Trandolapril]],
[[Trimetrexate Glucuronate ]],
[[Vinorelbine Tartrate ]],
[[Vorinostat ]],
[[Zanamivir  ]],
[[Ziprasidone ]],
 
 


== [[Cough classification|Classification]] ==
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold)]],
[[Adenoid hypertrophy]],
[[Allergic rhinitis]],
Atopic rhinitis,
[[Croup]],
[[Goiter]],
[[Laryngitis]],
[[Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease]],
[[Laryngotracheal cleft]],
[[Pharyngitis]],
[[Post-nasal drip]],
[[Strep throat]],
Subglottic hemangioma,
[[Subglottic stenosis]],
[[Tonsillolith]],


|-
== [[Cough historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Goiter]],


|-
== [[Cough pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]] ==
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Caplan's Syndrome]],
Chronic beryllium disease (CBD),
[[Hay fever]],
Low humidity,
Occupational exposure of irritants
[[Passive smoking]],
[[Sick building syndrome]],
[[Silicosis]],
[[Smoking]],


|-
== [[Cough causes|Causes]] ==
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Achalasia]],
[[Esophageal atresia]],
[[Esophageal cancer]],
[[Esophageal dysmotility]],
[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]],
[[Mallory-Weiss syndrome]],


== [[Cough differential diagnosis|Differentiating Cough from other Diseases]] ==


|-
== [[Cough epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]] ==
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Cystic fibrosis]],
[[Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)]],


|-
== [[Cough risk factors|Risk Factors]] ==
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Chest tube]],
[[Thoracentesis]],
[[Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease]],


|-
== [[Cough natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]] ==
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Adenoviridae]],
[[Aphthovirus]],
[[Ascaris infection]],
[[Aspergillosis]],
[[Blastomycosis]],
[[Bordetella pertussis]],
[[Byssinosis]],
[[Chickenpox]],
[[Chlamydophila pneumoniae]],
[[Cladosporium]],
[[CMV Pneumonitis]],
[[Coccidioidomycosis]],
[[Community-acquired pneumonia]],
[[Cryptococcosis]],
[[Fasciolosis]],
[[Filariasis]],
[[Gnathostomiasis]],
[[Histoplasmosis]],
[[Human ehrlichiosis]],
[[Infectious mononucleosis]],
[[Influenza]],
[[Lady Windermere syndrome]],
[[Lassa fever]],
[[Legionellosis]],
[[Measles]],
[[Melioidosis]],
[[Miliary tuberculosis]],
[[Mucor stolonifer]],
[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]],
[[Nocardiosis]],
[[Paprika splitter's lung]],
[[Paracoccidioidomycosis]],
[[Papillomatosis]],
[[Paragonimus Infection]],
[[Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia]],
[[Psittacosis]],
[[Q Fever]],
[[Rhinovirus]],
[[Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula]],
[[Schistosomiasis]],
[[Sporotrichosis]],
[[Strep throat]],
[[Thermoactinomyces sacchari]],
[[Thermoactinomyces vulgaris]],
[[Trichinosis]],
[[Tuberculosis]],
[[Tularemia]],
[[Typhoid fever]],
[[Upper respiratory tract infection]],
[[Yersinia Pestis Infection]],


== Diagnosis ==


 
[[Cough history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Cough physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Cough laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Cough electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Cough chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Cough CT|CT]] | [[Cough MRI|MRI]] | [[Cough echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Cough other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Cough other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Beriberi Heart Disease]],
[[Cholesterol pneumonia]],
 
 
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
[[Bronchogenic cyst]],
[[Pulmonary sequestration]],
[[Esophageal atresia]],
[[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]],
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
Cervical mass,
[[Esophageal cancer]],
[[Kaposi's sarcoma]],
[[Laryngeal cancer]],
[[Lymphangitis carcinomatous]],
[[Mediastinal tumor]],
[[Mesothelioma]],
[[Papillomatosis]],
[[Thymoma]],
 
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
[[Ganciclovir ]],
[[Nickel carbonyl]],
[[Valganciclovir ]],
[[Salicylate sensitivity]],
 
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Psychogenic cough,
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Acute bronchitis]],
[[Acute Chest Syndrome]],
[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]],
[[Asthma]],
[[Atelectasis]],
[[Atypical pneumonia]],
[[Aspergillosis]],
[[Blastomycosis]],
Bronchial stenosis,
Bronchial web,
[[Bronchiectasis]],
[[Bronchiolitis]],
[[Bronchitis]],
[[Bronchogenic cyst]],
[[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease]],
[[Ciliary dyskinesia]],
[[Cystic fibrosis]],
[[Goodpasture's syndrome]],
[[Hamman-Rich syndrome]],
[[Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis]],
[[Interstitial pneumonia]],
[[Lady Windermere syndrome]],
[[Lung abscess]],
[[Pleurisy]],
[[Pleuropulmonary blastoma]],
[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]],
[[Pulmonary Embolism]],
[[Pulmonary hypertension]],
[[Severe acute respiratory syndrome]],
[[Tracheal stenosis]],
[[Tracheitis]],
[[Tracheoesophageal fistula]],
[[Tracheomalacia]],
 
 
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Congenital nephrotic syndrome]],
[[Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis]],
 
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Sarcoidosis]],
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Post cerebrovascular accident,
 
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|
[[Alcoholism]],
Aspirated foreign bodies,
Cerumenosis,
[[Choking]],
[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]],
Ear foreign body,
Hair in the ear canal,
 
 
 
|-
|}
 
== Complications ==
The complications of coughing can be classified as either [[Acute (medical)|acute]] or [[Chronic (medicine)|chronic]]. Acute complications include ''cough syncope'' ([[fainting]] spells due to decreased blood flow to the brain when coughs are prolonged and forceful), [[insomnia]], cough-induced [[vomiting]], rupture of [[bleb]]s causing [[spontaneous pneumothorax]], [[subconjunctival hemorrhage]] or "[[red eye (medicine)|red eye]]", coughing [[defecation]] and in women with a [[prolapse]]d [[uterus]], cough [[urination]].  Chronic complications are common and include abdominal or pelvic [[hernia]]s, fatigue [[fracture]]s of lower ribs and [[Tietze's syndrome|costochondritis]].


== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
Coughs can be treated with [[cough medicine]]s. Dry coughs are treated with cough suppressants (antitussives) that suppress the body's urge to cough, while productive coughs (coughs that produce [[phlegm]]) are treated with expectorants that loosen [[mucus]] from the [[respiratory tract]].  Centrally acting cough suppressants, such as [[codeine]] and [[dextromethorphan]] reduce the urge to cough by inhibiting the response of the sensory endings by [[depolarization]] of the vagus nerve.  A recent study indicates that, because of the presence of [[theobromine]] in chocolate, 50 [[gram]]s of dark [[chocolate]] may be an effective treatment for a persistent cough.<ref name="omaretal"/>


Gargling with salt and warm water can also be helpful by reducing phlegm.
[[Cough medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Cough surgery|Surgery]] | [[Cough primary prevention|Prevention]] | [[Cough future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]] | [[Cough cost-effectiveness of therapy | Cost Effectiveness of Therapy]]


==During injections==
==Case Studies==
Coughing during an injection can lessen the pain of the needle stick caused by a sudden, temporary rise in pressure in the chest and spinal canal, inhibiting the pain-conducting structures of the spinal cord.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 14742367  | title = Reducing venipuncture pain by a cough trick: a randomized crossover volunteer study | last = Usichenko | first = TI | coauthors = Pavlovic D, Foellner S & Wendt M. | year = 2004 | journal = Anesthesia and Analgesia | pages = 952-3 | volume = 99 | issue = 3 | accessdate = 2007-07-16 }}</ref>
[[Cough case study one|Case #1]]


== See also ==
== Related Chapter ==
*[[Whooping cough]]
*[[Whooping cough]]
*[[Kennel cough]]
*[[Kennel cough]]
*[[Cough medicine]]
*[[Cough medicine]]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==Additional Resource==
* {{cite journal | author = McCool F | title = Global physiology and pathophysiology of cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. | journal = Chest | volume = 129 | issue = 1 Suppl | pages = 48S-53S | year = 2006 | id = PMID 16428691}}''[http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/129/1_suppl/48S Full text]''
== External links ==
*[http://familydoctor.org/handouts/237.html FamilyDoctor.org &ndash; Chronic cough: causes and cures]
*[http://www.buteykoscotland.co.uk/healthtips1.htm Coughing]:Quick tips to help stop a coughing fit.


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Latest revision as of 01:29, 1 October 2020



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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] M.Umer Tariq [3] Abiodun Akanmode,M.D.[4]

Synonyms and keywords: Tussis

Overview

Classification

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cough from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

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