Congestive heart failure complications: Difference between revisions
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'''Associate Editor-in-Chief:''' [[Varun Kumar]], M.B.B.S.; [[Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan]], M.B.B.S. | |||
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==Complications of heart failure== | ==Complications of heart failure== | ||
'''1. Cardiac Arrhythmias:''' | |||
*[[Ventricular tachycardia]] and [[ventricular fibrillation]] can occur as serious complications of heart failure when its pump function is severely impaired. This further worsens the [[cardiac output]] and even possible death. | |||
*[[Atrial fibrillation]] which is rapid beating of atrium without optimal forward pumping of blood is another complication of heart failure which occurs as a result of resistance to blood flow from atrium to ventricles. These patients are at increased risk of [[stroke]]. | |||
*[[Left bundle branch block]] is an abnormality in electrical conduction in the heart. | |||
'''2. Congestion:''' | |||
*[[Pulmonary congestion]] which occur in [[left ventricular failure]] can cause [[pulmonary edema]]. | |||
*[[Venous stasis]] and [[pedal edema]] can occur as a complication of [[right heart failure]]. These conditions predispose patients to [[venous ulcers]], [[infections]] and [[cellulites]]. | |||
*[[Cardiac Cirrhosis|Cardiac cirrhosis]] occurs as a result of hepatic venous congestion. This can lead to coma and even death <ref name="pmid7075414">{{cite journal |author=Moussavian SN, Dincsoy HP, Goodman S, Helm RA, Bozian RC |title=Severe hyperbilirubinemia and coma in chronic congestive heart failure |journal=[[Digestive Diseases and Sciences]] |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=175–80 |year=1982 |month=February |pmid=7075414 |doi= |url= |accessdate=2011-04-29}}</ref>. | |||
'''3. Angina and myocardial infarction:''' | |||
[[Myocardial ischaemia|Cardiac ischemia]] and [[STEMI|infarction]] can also occur when heart failure patients undergo exertion. | [[Myocardial ischaemia|Cardiac ischemia]] and [[STEMI|infarction]] can also occur when heart failure patients undergo exertion. | ||
'''4. Renal failure:''' | |||
[[Renal failure|Renal impairment]] can occur secondary to decreased renal perfusion. This further worsens heart failure by fluid retention. | [[Renal failure|Renal impairment]] can occur secondary to decreased renal perfusion. This further worsens heart failure by fluid retention. | ||
'''5. [[Cardiac cachexia]]:''' | |||
Unintentional rapid weight loss (a loss of at least 7.5% of normal weight within 6 months) can occur in chronic heart failure<ref name="pmid19797959">{{cite journal |author=Freeman LM |title=The pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia |journal=[[Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care]] |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=276–81 |year=2009 |month=December |pmid=19797959 |doi=10.1097/SPC.0b013e32833237f1 |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=1751-4258&volume=3&issue=4&spage=276 |accessdate=2011-04-30}}</ref>. This is a bad prognostic factor. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:36, 30 April 2011
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor-in-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.
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Complications of heart failure
1. Cardiac Arrhythmias:
- Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation can occur as serious complications of heart failure when its pump function is severely impaired. This further worsens the cardiac output and even possible death.
- Atrial fibrillation which is rapid beating of atrium without optimal forward pumping of blood is another complication of heart failure which occurs as a result of resistance to blood flow from atrium to ventricles. These patients are at increased risk of stroke.
- Left bundle branch block is an abnormality in electrical conduction in the heart.
2. Congestion:
- Pulmonary congestion which occur in left ventricular failure can cause pulmonary edema.
- Venous stasis and pedal edema can occur as a complication of right heart failure. These conditions predispose patients to venous ulcers, infections and cellulites.
- Cardiac cirrhosis occurs as a result of hepatic venous congestion. This can lead to coma and even death [1].
3. Angina and myocardial infarction: Cardiac ischemia and infarction can also occur when heart failure patients undergo exertion.
4. Renal failure: Renal impairment can occur secondary to decreased renal perfusion. This further worsens heart failure by fluid retention.
5. Cardiac cachexia: Unintentional rapid weight loss (a loss of at least 7.5% of normal weight within 6 months) can occur in chronic heart failure[2]. This is a bad prognostic factor.
References
- ↑ Moussavian SN, Dincsoy HP, Goodman S, Helm RA, Bozian RC (1982). "Severe hyperbilirubinemia and coma in chronic congestive heart failure". Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 27 (2): 175–80. PMID 7075414. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help);|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ↑ Freeman LM (2009). "The pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia". Current Opinion in Supportive and Palliative Care. 3 (4): 276–81. doi:10.1097/SPC.0b013e32833237f1. PMID 19797959. Retrieved 2011-04-30. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)