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==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
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Revision as of 18:42, 2 February 2013

Confusion Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Confusion from other Symptoms

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Confusion medical therapy On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Confusion medical therapy

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X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Confusion medical therapy

CDC on Confusion medical therapy

Confusion medical therapy in the news

Blogs on Confusion medical therapy

Directions to Hospitals Treating Confusion

Risk calculators and risk factors for Confusion medical therapy

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Complete evaluation of the person in emergency department has to be done and appropriate treatment is administered. Every confused individual should be administered with glucose and thiamine, followed by naloxone and flumazenil. Treatment must be started awaiting results. Early treatment can save the individual from long term effects.

Medical Therapy

Treatment of confusion starts from the ED itself. Initial assessment of airway, breathing and circulation is important and they have to managed.
Treatment most often depends on the suspected cause that is causing confusion.
* Alcoholics are primarily treated with glucose and thiamine.
* Dehydrated individuals get IV saline infusions.
* Electrolyte abnormalities are treated adequately.
* Renal and hepatic failure if present have to be consulted for expert advice for further management.
* Close monitoring of patients is warranted who developed symptoms after hospital admissions.
* Required consults are ordered like neurology, psychiatry, infectious disease.
* If infections are suspected empiric therapy has to be administered and results are awaited.
* Suspicion of drug overdose or abuse , administer antagonists.
* In case of poisoning with sleeping pills , flumazenil can be use to reverse the effects.

References


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