Cholesterol emboli syndrome pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[ | [[Cholesterol emboli syndrome]] (CES) is the result of the rupture and release of [[cholesterol]] crystals from [[atherosclerotic]] plaques, produced either spontaneously or [[iatrogenic]] that lead to mechanical obstruction of [[arterioles]] and [[inflammatory]] response activation that cause multiple organ damage. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
*It is thought that [[cholesterol emboli syndrome]] (CES) is the result of rupture and release of [[cholesterol]] crystals from [[atherosclerotic]] plaques, produced either spontaneously or as a result of iatrogenesis.<ref name="Ozkok2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ozkok|first1=Abdullah|title=Cholesterol embolization syndrome: report of two cases|journal=Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi-Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology|year=2016|issn=10165169|doi=10.5543/tkda.2015.94587}}</ref><ref name="Ozkok2019">{{cite journal|last1=Ozkok|first1=Abdullah|title=<p>Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives</p>|journal=Vascular Health and Risk Management|volume=Volume 15|year=2019|pages=209–220|issn=1178-2048|doi=10.2147/VHRM.S175150}}</ref> | *It is thought that [[cholesterol emboli syndrome]] (CES) is the result of the rupture and release of [[cholesterol]] crystals from [[atherosclerotic]] plaques, produced either spontaneously or as a result of iatrogenesis.<ref name="Ozkok2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ozkok|first1=Abdullah|title=Cholesterol embolization syndrome: report of two cases|journal=Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi-Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology|year=2016|issn=10165169|doi=10.5543/tkda.2015.94587}}</ref><ref name="Ozkok2019">{{cite journal|last1=Ozkok|first1=Abdullah|title=<p>Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives</p>|journal=Vascular Health and Risk Management|volume=Volume 15|year=2019|pages=209–220|issn=1178-2048|doi=10.2147/VHRM.S175150}}</ref> | ||
*[[Cholesterol emboli syndrome]] (CES) is defined as the occlusion of 100-200 µm [[arterioles]] by [[cholesterol]] crystals after their dislodgment from [[atheromatous plaques]], which | *[[Cholesterol emboli syndrome]] (CES) is defined as the occlusion of 100-200 µm [[arterioles]] by [[cholesterol]] crystals after their dislodgment from [[atheromatous plaques]], which arise from proximal large [[arteries]] such as [[aorta]].<ref name="Ozkok2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ozkok|first1=Abdullah|title=Cholesterol embolization syndrome: report of two cases|journal=Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi-Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology|year=2016|issn=10165169|doi=10.5543/tkda.2015.94587}}</ref> | ||
* | *Embolization of [[cholesterol crystals]] lead to several damages including<ref name="Ozkok2016">{{cite journal|last1=Ozkok|first1=Abdullah|title=Cholesterol embolization syndrome: report of two cases|journal=Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi-Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology|year=2016|issn=10165169|doi=10.5543/tkda.2015.94587}}</ref> | ||
**Endothelial injury | **Endothelial injury | ||
** | **Activation of [[complement system]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Oxidative stress]] injury | ||
** | **Activation of the [[renin]]–[[angiotensin]]–[[aldosterone]] system (RAAS) due to [[renal arteries]] obstruction and [[hypoperfusion]] | ||
**[[ | **[[Leukocyte]] infiltration and release of its enzymes which cause [[inflammation]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Cholesterol emboli]] can involve many organs including [[brain]], [[kidneys]], [[eyes]], [[skin]], [[muscles]], and [[gastrointestinal]] tract. <ref name="pmid32310551">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shah N, Nagalli S | title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | date = | pmid = 32310551 | doi = | url = | issn = }}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 19:25, 29 January 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, MD-MPH [2]
Overview
Cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES) is the result of the rupture and release of cholesterol crystals from atherosclerotic plaques, produced either spontaneously or iatrogenic that lead to mechanical obstruction of arterioles and inflammatory response activation that cause multiple organ damage.
Pathophysiology
- It is thought that cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES) is the result of the rupture and release of cholesterol crystals from atherosclerotic plaques, produced either spontaneously or as a result of iatrogenesis.[1][2]
- Cholesterol emboli syndrome (CES) is defined as the occlusion of 100-200 µm arterioles by cholesterol crystals after their dislodgment from atheromatous plaques, which arise from proximal large arteries such as aorta.[1]
- Embolization of cholesterol crystals lead to several damages including[1]
- Endothelial injury
- Activation of complement system
- Oxidative stress injury
- Activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) due to renal arteries obstruction and hypoperfusion
- Leukocyte infiltration and release of its enzymes which cause inflammation
- Cholesterol emboli can involve many organs including brain, kidneys, eyes, skin, muscles, and gastrointestinal tract. [3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ozkok, Abdullah (2016). "Cholesterol embolization syndrome: report of two cases". Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi-Archives of the Turkish Society of Cardiology. doi:10.5543/tkda.2015.94587. ISSN 1016-5169.
- ↑ Ozkok, Abdullah (2019). "
Cholesterol-embolization syndrome: current perspectives
". Vascular Health and Risk Management. Volume 15: 209–220. doi:10.2147/VHRM.S175150. ISSN 1178-2048. - ↑ Shah N, Nagalli S. PMID 32310551 Check
|pmid=value (help). Missing or empty|title=(help)