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{{Cholera}}
{{Cholera}}
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]


{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]
==Overview==
==Overview==
The signs on physical examination depends on the level of dehydration and patient may present with tachycardia, postural hypotension, somnolence, dry mucous membrane, sunken eyes,oliguria. If the severe diarrhea and vomiting are not aggressively treated, they can, within hours, result in life-threatening [[dehydration]] and electrolyte imbalances. The typical symptoms of dehydration include dizziness ( due to low [[blood pressure]]), wrinkled hands (poor skin turgor) , sunken eyes, muscle cramps (decreased potassium), and decreased urine output.
Signs of cholera on physical examination depend on the patient's level of [[dehydration]]. Cholera patients may present with [[tachycardia]], [[postural hypotension]], [[somnolence]], dry mucous membrane, sunken eyes, and/or [[oliguria]]. If severe [[diarrhea]] and [[vomiting]] are not aggressively treated, they can, within hours, result in life-threatening [[dehydration]] and [[electrolyte imbalance|electrolyte imbalances]]. The typical symptoms of [[dehydration]] include [[dizziness]] (due to low [[blood pressure]]), wrinkled hands (due to poor skin turgor), sunken eyes, [[muscle cramps]] (due to hypokalemia), and [[oliguria|decreased urine output]].


==Physical examination==
==Physical Examination==
The signs on physical examination depends on the level of dehydration
The presentation of [[cholera]] upon physical examination depends on the patient's level of [[dehydration]].
* Vitals
===Vitals===
** weak thready or absent pulse (tachycardia)
* [[Weak (thready) pulse|Weak or absent pulse]]; [[tachycardia]]
** Postural hypotension
* [[Postural hypotension]]
* Somnolence and coma
===Appearance of the Patient===
* Dry mucous membrane, excessive thirst, weakness, fatigue
* [[Somnolence]] and [[coma]]
* Dry mucous membrane
===Skin===
* Wrinkled skin
===Eyes===
* Sunken eyes
* Sunken eyes
* Oliguria
 
* Wrinkled skin
==Assessment of Dehydration==
== External links ==
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" class="sortable"
[[Category:Neurotoxins]]
|+
[[Category:Foodborne illnesses]]
|-
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
  ! Mental status
[[Category:Water-borne diseases]]
  ! Eyes
[[Category:Pandemics]]
  ! Thirst
[[Category:Biological weapons]]
  ! Skin pinch
[[Category:Neglected diseases]]
  ! Conclusions
[[Category:Overview complete]]
|-
  | Normal, alert
  | Normal, hydrated
  | Normal
  | Goes down quickly (spontaneously)
  | No / [[Dehydration|Mild dehydration]]
|-
  | Irritable
  | Sunken
  | Drink eagerly
  | Goes back slowly (< 2 sec)
  | Some / [[Dehydration|Moderate dehydration]] (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present)
|-
  | Severe
  | Sunken
  | Drinks poorly
  | Goes back slowly (> 2 sec)
  | [[Severe dehydration]] (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present)
|-
|}
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
 


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[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
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Latest revision as of 20:55, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]

Overview

Signs of cholera on physical examination depend on the patient's level of dehydration. Cholera patients may present with tachycardia, postural hypotension, somnolence, dry mucous membrane, sunken eyes, and/or oliguria. If severe diarrhea and vomiting are not aggressively treated, they can, within hours, result in life-threatening dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. The typical symptoms of dehydration include dizziness (due to low blood pressure), wrinkled hands (due to poor skin turgor), sunken eyes, muscle cramps (due to hypokalemia), and decreased urine output.

Physical Examination

The presentation of cholera upon physical examination depends on the patient's level of dehydration.

Vitals

Appearance of the Patient

Skin

  • Wrinkled skin

Eyes

  • Sunken eyes

Assessment of Dehydration

Mental status Eyes Thirst Skin pinch Conclusions
Normal, alert Normal, hydrated Normal Goes down quickly (spontaneously) No / Mild dehydration
Irritable Sunken Drink eagerly Goes back slowly (< 2 sec) Some / Moderate dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present)
Severe Sunken Drinks poorly Goes back slowly (> 2 sec) Severe dehydration (in case if 2 of the symptoms are present)

References


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