Cholera natural history, complications, and prognosis

Revision as of 17:24, 18 September 2017 by WikiBot (talk | contribs) (Changes made per Mahshid's request)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Cholera Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Cholera from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Other diagnostic studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

Cholera natural history, complications, and prognosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Cholera natural history, complications, and prognosis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Cholera natural history, complications, and prognosis

CDC on Cholera natural history, complications, and prognosis

Cholera natural history, complications, and prognosis in the news

Blogs on Cholera natural history, complications, and prognosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Cholera

Risk calculators and risk factors for Cholera natural history, complications, and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2], Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [3]

Overview

Cholera infection can cause a severe diarrheal disease with acute and substantial loss of water and electrolytes.[1] The incubation period is very short (2 hours to 5 days), which allows the number of cases in an area to rise extremely quickly. Delayed initiation of oral rehydration therapy or inadequate rehydration may lead to hypotension and electrolyte imbalance (mostly hypokalemia). If dehydration is left untreated, it may lead to hypotension, which can result in renal failure, hypovolemic shock, coma, and death. If hypokalemia is left untreated, it can lead to nephropathy and focal myocardial necrosis. Among the children, hypoglycemia is common and can lead to seizures.[2] If patients with cholera are treated quickly and properly, the mortality rate is less than 1%. However, when cholera is left untreated, the mortality rate rises to 50–60%.[3][4]

Natural history, complications, and prognosis

Natural history

Cholera infection can cause a severe diarrheal disease with acute and substantial loss of water and electrolytes.[1] The incubation period is very short (2 hours to 5 days), which allows the number of cases in an area to rise extremely quickly. Delayed initiation of oral rehydration therapy or inadequate rehydration may lead to hypotension and electrolyte imbalance (mostly hypokalemia). If dehydration is left untreated, it may lead to hypotension, which can result in renal failure, hypovolemic shock, coma, and death. If hypokalemia is left untreated, it can lead to nephropathy and focal myocardial necrosis. Among the children, hypoglycemia is common and can lead to seizures.[2] If patients with cholera are treated quickly and properly, the mortality rate is less than 1%. However, when cholera is left untreated, the mortality rate rises to 50–60%.[3][5]

Complications

Major complications of cholera include:[6][2]

Prognosis

If people with cholera are treated quickly and adequately, the mortality rate is less than 1%. However, if cholera is left untreated, the mortality rate rises to 50–60%.[3][7]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 376&ndash, 7. ISBN 0838585299.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 World Health Organization. Assessing the Outbreak response and improving preparedness (2004) http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43017/1/WHO_CDS_CPE_ZFk_2004.4_eng.pdf
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sack DA, Sack RB, Nair GB, Siddique AK (2004). "Cholera". Lancet. 363 (9404): 223–33. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15328-7. PMID 14738797. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. Todar, Kenneth. "Vibrio cholerae and Asiatic Cholera". Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
  5. Todar, Kenneth. "Vibrio cholerae and Asiatic Cholera". Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
  6. Cieza J, Sovero Y, Estremadoyro L, et al: Electrolyte disturbances in elderly patients with severe diarrhea due to cholera. J Am Soc Nephrol 1995; 6: pp. 1463
  7. Todar, Kenneth. "Vibrio cholerae and Asiatic Cholera". Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved 2010-12-20.

Template:WH Template:WS